The Rules of Volleyball Competition and the Position of Players

Volleyball competition is a team competition between players of two teams on a court separated by a net. There are different ways of competition, which can adapt to the specific situation and provide people with different competitions.

The goal of the competition is to let each team hit the ball over the net in an appropriate way and land on the opponent's court, while preventing the ball from landing on its own court. Each team has three chances to return the ball to the other team's court (except for blocking tennis).

The game starts with serving. The player hit the ball over the net and entered the opponent's court. Both sides hit the ball back and forth until the ball touches the ground, is out of bounds or the first team can't return the ball correctly.

In volleyball, a team wins a goal and gets one point (scoring system). When the receiving team wins a goal, the team gets a point and gets the right to serve.

Equipment and equipment

Competition area

The competition area, including the competition field and barrier-free area, is a symmetrical rectangle. 1. 1 The competition venue is a rectangular venue of 18m x 9m, surrounded by rectangular barrier-free areas, which are symmetrical and at least 3m wide. There should be no obstacles in the space at least 7 meters above the ground. FIVB world and official competitions, the off-site barrier-free area must be at least 5 meters away from the sideline; 8 meters from the finish line; At least12.5m above the ground. 1.2 The surface of the field 1.2. 1 must be flat, level and consistent, and the surface of the field must protect the players from injury. Rough and slippery courses are strictly prohibited. FIVB world and official competitions only allow wooden or artificial rubber venues. Any stadium must be approved by FIVB first.

1.2.2 The surface of the indoor stadium must have light.

In FlVB world and official competitions, the boundaries of the stadium are all white, and the venues and barrier-free areas should be distinguished by different colors.

1.2.3 The outdoor stadium can have an inclination of 0.5 cm per meter to facilitate drainage. The boundary is forbidden to be made of solid materials.

1.3 Stadium boundary

1.3. 1 All stadium boundaries are 5cm wide and must be light, which is different from the ground and other lines.

1.3.2 boundary:

The playing field consists of two sideline lines and two end lines. Both the sideline and the end line are included in the scope of the competition field.

1.3.3 centerline:

The center line divides the court into 9 meters x9 meters on both sides. This line extends from the net to two sideline lines.

1.3.4 attack line

The attack line is located three meters behind the center of the centerline.

1.4 Site area and area

1.4. 1 front area

In the FIVB World and Official Competition, draw five dotted lines with a length of 15 cm, a width of 5 cm and an interval of 20 cm on both sides of the attack line, with a total length of 1.75 m (including line width). The front area extends beyond the sideline to the bottom of the barrier-free area.

1.4.2 service area

The teeing ground is a 9-meter-wide area behind the end line (excluding the end line). On both sides of this area, there are two short lines with the length of 15 cm, which are located 20 cm behind the end line and extend to the sideline. Both lines are included in the width of this area.

In depth, the service area can extend to the end of the off-court barrier-free area.

1.4.3 replacement area

The backup area is the area from the imaginary extension line of two attack lines to the recording station.

1.4.4 warm-up area

In FIVB World and official competitions, the warm-up area is 3m× 3m, which is located in the corner of the team seat outside the barrier-free area.

1.4.5 restricted area:

The penalty area is located behind the seats of the two teams, with an area of about 1 m x 1 m, bounded by 5 cm wide red, with two chairs.

1.5 temperature

The minimum temperature shall not be lower than 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). In FIVB world and official competitions, the maximum temperature shall not exceed 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 16 degrees Celsius (6 1 Fahrenheit).

1.6 illuminance In FIVB world and official competitions, the illuminance of the competition venue must be 1000 to 1500 lux from the height of one meter above the surface of the venue.

2. Networks and posts

2. 1 clear height

2. 1. 1 The net is placed above the center line. The height of men is 2.43m, and that of women is 2.24m.

2. 1.2 The height of the net is measured from the center of the playing field. The height between the two ends of the net (above the sideline) and the ground must be equal, and shall not exceed the specified height of more than 2 cm. 2.2 The net structure has a net width of 1 m and a length of 9.50m, and is vertically suspended above the central axis. The grid surface consists of a black grid with a square of 10 cm. At the top of the net, there is a 5 cm wide horizontal belt, which is made of canvas folded in half and stitched along the whole length of the net. There is a hole at both ends of the belt, and the rope passes through the hole to connect with the net post, so that the net top is in a tight state.

There is a flexible steel cable in the middle of the belt, which is convenient for fixing the net on the net.

Under the net (without horizontal belt), a rope passes through the net piece to tie the two net posts, so that the lower half of the net is in a tight state.

2.3 logo belt

Two white belts with a width of 5cm and a length of 1m are vertically tied to the net above the two lines. The sign tape is regarded as a part of the net.

2.4 sign post

The marking pole is an elastic pole with a length of1.80m and a diameter of10mm.

The sign post is made of glass fiber or the like.

Two sign poles are tightly tied to the outer edge of the sign belt, and the upper length of one sign pole on each side exceeds the top of the net by 80 cm. It is better to paint a layer of contrast color every 10 cm, preferably red and white.

The signpost should be regarded as a part of the net and used as an effective crossing boundary on both sides of the space. Rule11.1.1

2.5 net column

2.5. 1 net column is the supporting net, which is located at the distance of 0.50 to 1.00 meters between the court and the sideline, and the height is 2.55 meters, so it is better to adjust it.

2.5.2 The net column is round and smooth. Metal iron rope is not used to fix the net column on site, and its device must be unobstructed and dangerous.

2.6 accessory equipment

All auxiliary equipment must meet the requirements of FIVB.

3% ball

3. 1 ball specification

The ball must be round and made of soft and elastic leather, in which the bladder is made of rubber or similar materials.

Color: consistent light color, or volleyball combination color approved by FIVB.

Circumstance: 65 cm to 67 cm.

Weight: 260 grams to 280 grams.

Internal pressure: 294.3 to 3 18.82 mbar (0.30 to 0.325 kg per square centimeter)

3.2 Consistency of ball specifications

The balls used in a game must have the same characteristics, such as circumference, weight, air pressure, style and so on.

FIVB world and official competitions must use balls approved by FIVB.

3.3 Three-ball system

FIVB can use three balls in the world and in official competitions. So there are six pickers, one in every corner of the barrier-free area and one behind the two referees.

"Free player" or "free man" is a rule tried by FIVB in 1996 World Women's Volleyball Grand Prix, and it is called a free defender. The role of the free defender is to strengthen the defense and achieve the effect of offensive and defensive balance. Freedom is not real freedom, and clothing plays an eye-catching role, reminding free people of their position at all times.

The rules for free agents are as follows:

1. A team can have no free players, but only two people can be registered at most.

2. During the game, only one free agent can be present in a team.

3. Free players must wear jerseys that are obviously different from those of other teams.

4. The substitution of free players is not counted in the number of substitutions of ordinary players (not recorded).

5. The replacement of a free agent must be completed after the ball hits the ground and before the first referee's serve whistle (the coach does not need to ask for the replacement of a free agent and does not need to use a number plate); It is limited to changing the same person, and changing the same free agent must be at least in a round-trip interval (that is, a dead ball).

6. The record sheet must indicate the free agent.

7. Free agents are not allowed to be included in the rotation table, but they can be replaced before the game.

8. The rotation of free agents is limited to the back row. Don't serve or spin to the front row, don't block or try to block.

9. If the position of the ball is higher than the height of the net, the free player shall not cross the net to the opponent's court at any position on the court.

10. If the second pass is a free player with a master in the front row, the attack height of the third ball shall not exceed the height of the net.

1 1. A free agent is not necessarily the captain.

Attachment: Volleyball Ranking Description: "Double Freemen"

According to the requirements of FIVB competition rules, each team can only have one free man in the game, and two players dressed as free men are not allowed to undertake the defensive tasks in the back row at the same time. By "double freemen", we mean that one freeman wears the required clothes, and the other freeman wears the game clothes of ordinary players, acting as a substitute in the game and exercising the actual function of back row defense. So one is in the light, the other is in the dark, and the two defenders in the back row join hands to defend the team's defense.

The first appearance of China women's volleyball team "Double Freemen" was at Harbin Station of China International Invitational Tournament at the end of May.

Zhonghe originally planned to let Xiong and Li play one stop in this competition, and determine the final candidate according to their respective performances. PANDA KID, who made his first appearance, did well in Shanghai, and the second stop in Harbin was supposed to be the performance time of Mars, but just before flying to Harbin, Chen Zhonghe had a new idea. At this stop, he missed a main attack, so that PANDA KID occupied this quota and became a "free man" who didn't wear the clothes of a free man, guarding the defense line of China side by side with Mars, and the "double free man" lineup was born.

The configuration of "Double Freemen" was not initiated by China Women's Volleyball Team, but tried by other Asian teams. There are two players in the back row of China Taipei Men's Volleyball Team, one is 1.78 and the other is only 1.68. In the recently concluded Asian Men's Volleyball Challenge Cup, they took part in the battle with the "Double Freemen" team.