This street is the top street of Tongshan ancient city. Tongshan Ancient City was built in the 20th year of Ming Hongwu (1387). After 100 years of construction, the population and economy have made great progress, but unfortunately, education is not prosperous, literature and art are not open, and no one has been admitted to Jinshi. The key to the complete reversal later lies in one person, and this person is Cai Chao.
In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), Cai Chao, a Fujian official from Linhai, Zhejiang, visited Tongshan. He is proficient in Feng Shui and thinks that Tongshan is a treasure, but "the east wood is not sharp", so he built Wenfeng Tower on Dongmenyu. Considering that Tongshan is not prosperous, Nan 'e Academy and Dongbi Academy (later renamed Chongwen Academy) were built. Since then, Tongshan has flourished, and cultural and educational undertakings have flourished. More than 20 years later, the glorious history of Dongshan people's indirect continuous entrance examination for a hundred years was opened.
It can be seen that Cai Chao has made great contributions to the development of Dongshan. On the right side of the Guandi Temple in Dongshan, there used to be a "Temple of Famous Officials", the first to commemorate it was Zhou Dexing, the builder of the city, and the second was Cai Chao. For such a figure, all kinds of books and articles in Dongshan, whether rigorous historical materials or folk articles, describe Cai Chao's official position, almost all of which are sea cruises.
However, there is a cliff carved by Cai Chao on Jiuxian Mountain in Tongling, with the inscription "Cai Chaoshu's sea power under Fujian's political participation". On the one hand, it is a sea patrol, on the other hand, it is a right-wing politician. What's the difference between the two official positions? Which is the official position of Cai Chao, or does he have both positions?
The right to participate in the political power and the right to patrol the sea are local official positions. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were three divisions, namely, DuDu Division, Undertaking Propaganda Division and Inspection and Supervision Division, commonly known as DuDu Division, Deployment Division and Information Division, with DuDu Division as the head-Zhengerpin; Buzhengshi-from the second product; Take the punishment to court-three products. The commander is responsible for military and defense, and has health clinics under his jurisdiction; Political history is responsible for civil affairs, finance and taxation; Judges are responsible for punishment and supervision. At the local level, the three departments are fragmented, not unified with each other, and belong to different central institutions.
There are two ambassadors, left and right, whose duties are to communicate the people's feelings of a province, study officials, master land and household registration, and collect tribute and taxes. Subordinates are left and right to participate in politics, which are divided into three categories, as well as civil affairs such as dispatching, wasteland reclamation, post-delivery, water conservancy and comforting the people. Fenshoudao is an intermediate liaison institution established between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and prefectures and counties, and is a dispatched institution of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Therefore, participation in politics is often called separation.
The judge is subordinate to three things, and his subordinate officer is a deputy, which is a positive four things; Under the sign, it is a positive five. In addition, there are 69 patrol lanes around the Ming Dynasty. Huang Like Daozhou, the sea patrol in Ming Dynasty was not an official position. Huang Daozhou worked as a bookseller in the five years of the apocalypse. In fact, there were no booksellers in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Huang Daozhou's real official position was imperial academy's editing, that is, Qipin. Sea patrol was also an informal official position in Ming dynasty, and the corresponding official position should be the assistant of sea patrol of provincial judges, referred to as the assistant of sea patrol for short. Although the sea patrol was an informal official position in the Ming Dynasty, it was often called an official position because of its simple name, fluency and image, and even some historical books were no exception. As a full-time Taoist priest, the name of sea patrol was in the early Qing Dynasty. In the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1667), the number of patrol lanes in Fujian Sea was reduced from more than 100 to 40, which remained until the end of Qing Dynasty.
It can be seen that the right to participate in the political power and the right to patrol the sea belongs to the Chief Secretary and the Audit Department respectively. Because of the principle of separation of powers and avoidance, it is almost impossible for Cai Chao to hold two positions at the same time. So, which is the real official position of Cai Chao?
In addition to the cliff stone carving in Jiuxian Mountain, there is also a stone carving "Looking at the Ocean Platform" in Meiling, Zhao 'an, with the inscription "Fujian Chief Secretary's right to participate in politics and coastal Cai Chao". In addition, the record of Cai Chao's official position in Fujian in Fuzhou Fuzhi (46 volumes of Qianlong) is also a political participation, and there is no such thing as sea assistance. Even the official records of Cai Chao in Zhaoan County annals of nearby Dongshan County only have the right to participate in politics.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yu, who was in the Tao at that time, was called "Grand Senator" in Zhu Wengong Temple in Tongshan, which was another name for participating in politics, and there was no such thing as patrolling the sea. This article written by Yu in the temple decades ago is very convincing.
Cai Chao is a native of Linhai (now Linhai City, Zhejiang Province). Cai Chao's life in Linhai is introduced as follows: "Cai Chao (1467- 1549), whose real name is Juyuan, was born in Xiashan County, Linhai, and was a scholar in the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505). In six years (15 1 1), Zheng De was appointed as the governor of Huguang and studied politics. For ten years, he served as a right senator in Guizhou. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), he was transferred to Fujian Right to participate in politics. Supporting the governor, transporting and distributing, making concerted efforts to resist Japan, and making remarkable achievements. In the sixth year of the Republic of China, he was promoted to the history of Henan's right envoy. Returned from the army and died in the summer of 28 years.
The above is the official resume of Cai Chao, which is quite different from the relevant documents in Dongshan and Zhangzhou. How to distinguish right from wrong? Shi Minglu, equivalent to the archives of the Ming Dynasty, is the most authoritative first-hand historical material. After verification, the above records are not different from the Records of Ming Wuzong and Records of Ming Shizong, but the related literature records in Dongshan are outrageous.
It can be seen that Cai Chao's position in Fujian is only the right to participate in politics from beginning to end, and he has never served as the deputy envoy of Haidao. In that case, why are the documents related to Dongshan recorded in this way? In addition to Dongshan, there are individual records that Cai Chao's official position in Fujian is sea patrol, which should refer to Dongshan literature.
Cai Chao's official position was originally described as a sea patrol in the early Qing Dynasty. In the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), Chen Jinshi wrote in the "Tongshan Map": "In the place where Cai was stationed ... Cai Gong patrolled the sea and pressed the bronze shrine". It can be seen that there is no mistake in its records, because participating in politics is also called keeping separate duties. Here, "patrolling the sea" is a verb, not an official position.
In the forty-ninth year of Kangxi (1700), Chen Ruxian, the magistrate of Zhangpu County, wrote in the article Rebuilding Nan 'e Academy: ".....................................................................................................................
Later, during the Qianlong period, Chen Zhenzao made the same mistake when writing Tongshan Zhi, in which all the official positions of Cai Chao at that time were described as patrolling the sea. The right to participate in politics is higher than that of sea patrol. To say the least, if Cai Chao really worked as a sea patrol, then Chen Zhenzao and others are even more wrong, because there is no distinction between high and low positions.
Tongshan Lu is the most important and authoritative historical book in Dongshan literature and history. Its wrong direction led to the misinformation of later generations, and it was quoted without textual research, including Zheng Lisheng, the author of "The Old Preface of Tongshan Record", who also wrote: "The tide of Cai's sea patrol ..."
According to word of mouth, Dongshan people gradually formed the stereotype that Cai Chao's official position in Fujian was to patrol the sea, so that even the cliff stone carving of "Guan Hai Bo" clearly stated that "participation in political power" was ignored. In this way, it can be explained that only the documents related to Dongshan have the saying of "patrolling the sea lanes", and other documents have not made this mistake.
Cai Chao is a milestone of Dongshan's prosperity in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. For hundreds of years, we Dongshan people have mistaken his official position in Fujian, which is really shameful. I hope this article can correct this mistake. I also hope that Dongshan people will write this article and Cai Chao will not make the same mistake again.
refer to
Research on the Local Administrative System in Ming and Qing Dynasties, written by Zhenshui Kangshu, Beijing Yanshan Publishing House, 1997.
Annotation and translation of Tongshan Zhi edited by Lin Dingsi.
Zhang's Official Records of Ming History.
"Draft of Qing History", Zhao Er? editor in chief
Ganlong Edition Fuzhou Local Records
Linhai county annals
Qiu Yongshun, editor-in-chief of Dongshan Island Stone Carvings.
Shi Ming road
Biography of Huang Daozhou, written by starling.
Informal paper? I won't indicate the source one by one, and welcome criticism and correction.