Li Sao begins with a self-narrative of life experience, morality and ideals, expressing the anguish and contradiction of being murdered, and denouncing the fatuity of the king of Chu, the madness of the clique and the failure of the court. The following are my collected lesson plans and feelings about Li Sao. I hope everyone will read it carefully!
Teaching objectives:
1. Understand the formal features and reading essentials of Qu Yuan, Li Sao and Sao Style poems.
2. Learn to start with language, accurately grasp the inner world of the characters, and feel the nobility of personality.
3. Understand the personality pursuit of people in a specific era.
Teaching focus:
Appreciate important sentences and feel Qu Yuan's noble personality beauty.
Teaching difficulties:
The evaluation of Qu Yuan's death and the understanding of Song of Martyrs.
Teaching methods:
Combine narration, analysis, reading and discussion.
Class arrangement:
One class hour
Teaching process:
Introduce, read aloud, introduce Qu Yuan, Li Sao and Chu Ci.
(1) Introduce the couplets in memory of Qu Yuan by later generations, and render the tragic atmosphere to prepare for learning the text.
Show couplets: "Heaven asks a thousand times to mourn for the old country, and the river swallows a thousand words to mourn for the people of Sri Lanka", "Meditation holds high white loyalty, and the Miluo River has hated Taiwan for thousands of years", "Where the soul calls, there are still three herbs; At that time, Xiang Liu should know Jiuge. " From the words "Tian Wen, Miluo River, Vanilla, Three Tigers and Nine Songs" in the couplets, we can know that Qu Yuan is undertaker.
Ask the students to sum up the feelings of mourners from couplets. Students quickly understand the word "sadness" from couplets, and experience the lamentation and regret of future generations.
(2) Introduce Qu Yuan and Li Sao.
Show pictures of Qu Yuan.
Commentary: It was with this grief and indignation that Qu Yuan appeared in the history of China literature. Chu State, where he lived, was once a powerful country, but when Qu Yuan stepped onto the political stage, the comprehensive national strength of Chu State had been declining day by day, and he would be beaten if he fell behind. Qu Yuan is related to the King of Chu. He tried to reform Qiang Bing, but he was envied by treacherous court officials. Later, even the king of Chu, who had always trusted him, abandoned him and became a melancholy and resentful poet. So, when he was exiled for the first time, he wrote Li Sao.
Clear: "Li" means suffering, "Sao" means sorrow, and "Li Sao" is a poem written by the author when he is sad. This is a gripping work written with blood and tears after he failed to express his concern for the country politically.
(C) Introduction of Chu Ci
Transition: Please read this passage written in blood and tears and pay attention to the formal characteristics of this poem.
Submissions: Miao (y), Meng (z ? u), Geng Yin (gēng yín), Jiang, Yan (kuí), (zhào cì), Chong (chóng) and Hu (hù).
Generally, a sentence is three or four beats, which is divided into the text. Such as: Emperor/Lai/Wisdom/Miao, Minister/Huang Kao/Yue/Bo Yong. Take a photo of/Zhen/Yu/Meng Xi, but/Geng Yin/I will surrender.
After reading aloud freely for four minutes, play the text recording to remind students to pay attention to the division of rhythm.
Clear:
This poetic style created by Qu Yuan is called Chu Ci or Sao Style, and Xi is a symbol. Formal features: 1. It breaks the system of four words in The Book of Songs, with irregular sentence patterns, and the number of words in each sentence can be long or short, with six words and seven words as the main ones. 2. There is no limit to the number of sentences in each poem. The auXiliary word "xi" is added in the middle or at the end of the three sentences, so that the whole poem is always carried out in a cyclical melody, with strong sense of rhythm, many lyrical elements and strong romantic color.
It turns out that Chu Ci is "writing Chu language, pronouncing Chu sounds, remembering Chu places and naming Chu objects". Later, poems with auXiliary word "xi" were generally called Chuci. For example, Xiang Yu's "Gaixia Song": If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry with the world, and if you are unfavorable, you will not die. I can't help it if I don't die, but I'm scared.
Second, appreciate the content of the text and approach the characters.
Transition: After watching Xiang Yu's Song of Gaixia, let's look back at Li Sao. Here is a set of pictures. Please find the poems corresponding to the pictures from the text.
Clear:
Figure 12: The descendant of Emperor Levin is Xi, and my emperor's name is Bo Yong. I went to Meng Xi with my virginity, but Geng Yin and I surrendered. The emperor looked at Yu Chu-and Zhao Xiyu had a good name: Yu Zhengzi and Yu Yueling.
Yan Di, I am your distant descendant, Bo Yong-the glorious name of my late father. I came down from the sky in the first month of that year when the old star was in the shade.
Dear father, when I first came to the earth, I carefully guessed the time and crying, and gave me a corresponding reputation through divination. Give me the name is regular, give me the nickname is Ling Jun.
Figure 3: Fenwu has both inner beauty and self-cultivation. Hu Jiang left with Bi, thinking that she was admirable.
God not only gave me so much inner beauty, but also gave me this wonderful talent. I am covered with fragrant Li Jiang and angelica dahurica; And combined with Qiu Lan to use it as his scarf.
Fig4: If I am not as good as I am, I am afraid I am not as old as I am. Mulan Xi in the morning and maize in the evening.
Time flies like water, and I can't seem to catch up, for fear that time will wait for no one. In the early morning, I bathed in the morning light to climb Mulan on the slope. In the evening, I carry the sunset on my back and pick Miscanthus on the shore of the mainland to moisten my body.
Time is like water, and time waits for no one. The poet was deeply impressed by his own efforts, fearing that he could not catch up, so he made unremitting efforts: picking Mulan on the hillside in the morning and pulling the grass that did not fade in winter at dusk, that is, taking the time to cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's character.
Figure 5: The sun and the moon suddenly stopped flooding, and the spring and autumn were orderly. But the vegetation is scattered, and I am afraid that the beauty will come late.
The sun and the moon keep moving fast, and spring and autumn alternate endlessly. I only saw yellow leaves falling on the tree. I'm afraid of beauty. You'll get a little frost on your head!
Judging from the weather operation, spring is long and autumn is long, the vegetation is scattered and the age will be exhausted. I'm afraid that if the king can't establish morality in time, he will be the oldest and achieve nothing.
Fig. 6: Why not change this degree? Take the horse galloping, come to my way first!
Why, why not hire wise men in their prime and abandon filthy little people? Why, why not change the outdated laws? Drive the dragon horse and rush forward quickly! Come on! I will be your guide. Walking on the road to happiness and light.
Thinking: What is Qu Yuan's image in his mind? Please use specific poems to explain.
The discussion is clear:
1, noble birth, unusual birth time, nice name. 2, the appearance is extraordinary. 3, diligent in practice, self-improvement. 4, worry about the country and the people, despise the villain. 5, is the leader of the king.
Thinking: The poet is good in moral character, aggressive and ambitious. He is willing to serve the country and deserves the understanding and trust of the king of Chu, but the status quo is that the villain cannot tolerate it and the king does not observe it. In this case, some words are not directly said, but can be said in another way. So how did Qu Zi express his ideal?
Clarity: Using metaphor, that is, "empathy", you don't say what you want to say directly, but give it something, that is, "empathy in things". This method is widely used in classical poetry. In the era of political uncertainty, you can't speak and express your feelings by "empathy". Use a beautiful metaphor to refer to Chu Huaiwang. Riding a horse is a metaphor for pursuing and realizing a beautiful political ideal. Picking and dressing Li Jiang and Qiu Lan are used as metaphors of self-cultivation, wearing herbs symbolizes the poet's moral cultivation, and using herbs as metaphors of inner good moral quality. This rich inner world is expressed in beautiful imagination and poetic language.
Panel discussion:
What do you think of Qu Yuan's appearance and temperament? Please look at three pictures. Which one do you think is the image of Qu Yuan in your mind? And briefly explain the reasons with the text. Put three pictures in turn, one is Qu Yuan who is beautifully dressed, the second is the image of a scholar-bureaucrat who cares about the country and the people, and the third is Qu Yuan who is angry and depressed after being exiled. )
Students speak as long as it makes sense.
3. Discussion: What do you think of Qu Yuan's sinking into the river?
Show the picture "Qu Yuan was demoted to the capital". Text: Qu Yuan was framed by a group of villains, alienated and exiled by Xiang Wang. Exiled in Jiangnan for about nine years. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin attacked the capital of Ying, and Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River in anger to show loyalty. End of Li Sao: Luan Yue: It's long gone./Nobody in the whole country knows me./Why do you care about your old capital? /Not enough for American politics,/I will stay at Peng Xian's house.
Group discussion: What do you think of Qu Yuan's sinking into the river? Understand it in combination with Li Sao.
Conclusion: People should live in the world with dignity. Saying goodbye to the world in a tragic way is not the behavior of the weak. They are aesthetic idealists. They can't learn from each other. They can't fly southeast like peacocks. They firmly believe that sometimes it is more valuable to die standing than lying down. Qu Yuan's life is a martyr's song.
Fourth, accumulate famous sentences.
Display information:
Take a long breath to hide your tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives.
There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down.
For the ideal cherished in my heart, I will not regret it a thousand times.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
When reciting Li Sao, you should recite your own feelings and meanings, as well as your own understanding.
Teaching reflection:
Let me recall my lesson preparation experience first. I drew lots for the lesson Li Sao, and I immediately cried, "How can it be an ancient poem?" Can I change it? "I like Tang poetry and Song poetry, but I'm a little far away from the poems of earlier times such as The Book of Songs and Li Sao, and it's hard to get far away from them. How about Li Sao and Li Sao Nai?
Sitting at home and reading the text three times in a row, Qu Yuan's language habits are really far from those of us modern people! If there are no notes, I can't read them. I will read them like a student. So, should I base myself on the explanation of words and phrases in class?
Look up information on the internet. There are many teaching plans, so I was lucky to find three courseware. As for other written materials, I read them for nearly an hour with the attitude of "taking the essence and discarding the dross". General manager Ling Ling collected some information, had some sudden inspiration, and finally prepared the above teaching design.
In my impression, teaching ancient poetry is average. The program introduces the author, the background of the times, the whole poem and the writing characteristics. I also "go with the flow", focusing on Qu Yuan, Li Sao and Chu Ci in the introduction. Slightly change the pattern, introduce Qu Yuan through three elegiac couplets, and taste its "tragic and deplorable" to pave the way for the following classroom tone. Introduce the Songs of the South by reading aloud, rather than introducing it separately before class, and rely on the text to understand the formal characteristics of the Songs of the South.
Li Sao has many reading disabilities. If you study the meaning of words and focus on words and trivial grammar, it is easy to have grammar classes or something. The notes of the text are very rich, so it won't be too difficult for students to understand the literal meaning of sentences with the help of notes. Therefore, I don't explain from the perspective of ancient Chinese knowledge points, mainly to understand the words, interspersed with words to explain, and feel the connotation of words in the intuitive feeling of pictures.
In order to understand the image of Qu Yuan, three steps are designed step by step. One is to think about "what is the image in Qu Yuan's mind? Please explain it in specific poems. " This question is relatively simple. If the whole poem is sorted out, students can easily summarize it and have a preliminary understanding of Qu Yuan's image. On this basis, combined with three different styles of pictures, guide students to further understand Qu Yuan's personality characteristics. Finally, the controversial question "How to treat Qu Yuan's sinking into the river" is thrown out, and Qu Yuan's self-awareness, persistence in truth and persistence in justice and ideals are fully felt in the debate. Logically, it is pointed out that this is a solemn and stirring "martyr's song". Not only let students understand the connotation of poetry, but also feel the tragic color, and let students accept a spiritual purification.
Before practicing in class, my idea is similar to "castle in the air". According to past experience, sometimes, seemingly good teaching design will "hit the rocks frequently" in the collision with students' thinking, which is not the expected result at all.
After actual combat, we found the following problems:
1, time is tight, students are not familiar with the text. The teacher explained stiffly that the students did not have emotional resonance with the text, and the dialogue with the text was overhead. The teacher's analysis only represents our coach's way of thinking and emotions, and the students' personality can only be annihilated if they take over.
2. Insufficient reading guidance for students. The sentences of ancient poetry are neat and the rhythm is relatively simple, which is easy for students to master. However, if you want to read your own feelings, you can only read in general without the careful guidance of the teacher, and it is difficult to achieve the purpose of reading with inspiration and experiencing feelings.
I feel speechless about the students' superficial understanding, and my immediate reaction is to remind him to get closer to the original explanation. It seems that the ultimate goal is only to complete the scheduled link. In fact, we can also follow the students' ideas and change the teaching ideas.
4. Too many pictures embellish the text and put the cart before the horse. Pictures should be used to promote the charm of words, but it has become a simple way to find a text explanation for pictures. How to combine the intuition of the picture with the "implication" of poetry?
5. The thinking of teaching is clear, but the connection between stages is not smooth enough. I have always been a little stingy with blackboard writing, and I only wrote four poor words in class. For a Chinese teacher, I can't be too lazy to write on the blackboard because there are not enough words.
;