Linggu Temple-located at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain, is one of the three major Buddhist temples in Ming Dynasty. As early as the Six Dynasties, Purple Mountain was a holy place of Buddhism. When Liang Wudi was in China, there were more than 70 temples around him. In the Ming Dynasty, most of these monasteries were destroyed after vicissitudes of life, and only a few monasteries, such as Jiangshan Temple, Ding Lin Temple and Songxi Temple, in Dulonggang, at the south foot of the mountain, were well preserved. The predecessor of Linggu Temple is Kaichan Temple in Dulonggang. In the 13th year of Nan Prison (5 14), Liang Wudi built a beautiful house and a stone pagoda in Dulonggang to bury monk Baozhi. It was renamed Baogongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Taiping xingguo temple in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jiangshan Temple in the early Ming Dynasty. In order to build the Ming Tombs, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered people to choose Longgang, the capital of Feng Shui, and ordered all the temples in this area, including Jiangshan Temple, to be moved to the eastern foot of Zijin Mountain and merged into one. Because the terrain of Linggu Temple is a valley between "the left mountain and the right mountain", it is named "Linggu Temple has a specialization". Linggu Temple was first built on a grand scale, with many pagodas in the main hall. It is 2.5 kilometers long from the gate to the Hall of Ursa Major, covering an area of about 500 mu, with thousands of monks. No wonder Zhu Yuanjin regarded it as a masterpiece and inscribed "The First Zen Forest". Unfortunately, because of the fire and soldiers, only five grain shops survived. By the time of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the scale of rebuilding Linggu Temple was far less than that of that year. However, the beauty of the "late autumn ancient spirit" is still achieved with red walls, yellow tiles, pine trees, floral fragrance and quiet environment.
Hongshanmen-memorial archway for fallen soldiers, Wuliangdian-memorial for fallen soldiers
Ladies and gentlemen, we have come to the front of the mountain gate of Linggu Temple, which is the general name of the temple gate. This mountain gate is also the gate of Guling Park. Please see: the mountain gate of this antique building was rebuilt in the 1930s. It is in the form of three arches, a green glazed tile roof and a red outer wall, so it is also called the red mountain gate. On the forehead of the door, there are four characters inscribed by Mr. Qian, a modern calligrapher, "Ancient spirit and beautiful scenery". A pair of stone lions outside the gate were presented by the Beiping Military Division, which built the cemetery for fallen soldiers.
Entering Hongshanmen, we walked on a two-way road paved with bluestone. At the end of the road, stands a tall memorial archway for fallen soldiers. Paifang Bridge is 32.7m long,16.6m wide and10m high, all of which are reinforced concrete structures. The abutment is inlaid with granite and covered with green glazed tiles. On the front middle door of the memorial archway, the word "benevolence and righteousness" is engraved on the forehead, and the word "saving the country and the people" is inscribed on the back by Zhang Jingjiang, a veteran of the Kuomintang.
Ladies and gentlemen: Now we come to the most famous scenic spot of Linggu Temple in Wuliangdian. Wuliangdian is the only remaining building in Linggu Temple in the Ming Dynasty, which is named after the Buddha with infinite longevity is enshrined in the temple. Because this hall is a masonry arch structure and does not need beams, it is commonly known as "the hall without beams".
Wuliangdian was built in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138), with a history of more than 600 years. The main hall is 53.8 meters long from east to west, and the terrace in front of the hall is spacious, with 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. Although it has been rebuilt many times, its structure has never changed. The roof of the temple is glazed tile with double eaves and nine ridges, and the three glazed tile towers on the roof are Lama pagodas. Its architectural structure has changed the architectural tradition of beam-column composite frame of ancient buildings in China. The whole building can't find beams and columns, it's all brick. It adopts the construction method of the ancient stone arch bridge in China. Five holes are built with bricks at the base, and then they are stitched together to form a large arched temple roof. We saw five open doors, each with coupons, and each row with five coupons. The middle coupon hole is the largest, with a width of 1 1.4m and a height of 14m. Although the interior is a voucher hole structure, the exterior still appears in the form of imitation wood structure, with protruding bucket arches under the eaves and doors and windows on the front. It is a building formed by various voucher methods and intricate connections. Its solid structure, majestic momentum and exquisite techniques are a must. Although there are similar buildings in other parts of China, such as Guobao Temple in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Shanxi Wutai Mountain Xiantong Temple, Taiyuan Shuizuo Temple, Sichuan Emei Mountain Wannian Temple, Suzhou Kaiyuan Temple, etc. However, in terms of architectural structure and technology, Linggu Temple's beamless hall is more unique and perfect. It fully embodies the superb architectural art of working people in ancient China.
Tourist: I saw the temple without beams, and then followed me to visit it. According to historical records, since its construction in Ming Dynasty, Wuliangdian has enshrined Buddha statues of infinite life and other sizes. 1928, the Kuomintang government spent120,000 yuan on the project and converted it into a memorial hall for fallen soldiers. The original niche was changed into three large brick platforms, which were used as altars for Chen Fang's sacrificial vessels, and each altar had a stone tablet. Please see: the monument in the middle is "the spiritual position of the national revolutionary martyrs", the monument on the left is "the national anthem" and the monument on the right is "the will of the founding father". The walls around the memorial hall are embedded with 1 10 Taihu bluestone tablets engraved with the names of the fallen soldiers. All the inscriptions are *** 165000 words. After the restoration, the memorial hall was named "Zhengqi Hall".
Let's bypass the hall and visit the celebrity wax museum of the Revolution of 1911. Wax figures of 57 celebrities before and after the Revolution of 1911 were exhibited here. These wax figures were made according to historical photos and materials at that time, referring to people's shots from various angles, according to the life size of 1: 1, and * * formed 22 groups of dynamic pictures with story lines. Wax figures are vivid and lifelike, which reproduces the vivid scenes of revolutionary pioneers.
Memorial to the fallen soldiers. After visiting Wuliangdian, we came to the semi-circular flower bed lawn, which has become the cemetery of the first cemetery of the fallen soldiers cemetery. Now, please come and visit this cemetery. In fact, there are three graves here, this is the middle one, and the other two are located on the slopes on the east and west sides of Mianliang Hall. At that time, due to the large number of fallen soldiers, the cemetery could not accommodate all of them, so lots were drawn by divisions to select a representative from each arm for burial. There is a monument at the east and west ends of the tomb wall on the north side of the cemetery, which commemorates the soldiers of the 19th Route Army and the 5th Army who died in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. These two monuments have become one of the memorial sites of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Nanjing, and are the bases for patriotic education for young people.
Songfengge-Gulingbaota-Baogong Pagoda and Three Juebei-Pipa Street
Songfengge-The building behind the cemetery is called Songfengge. Songfengge is an imitation horse-walking building built on the mountain, with 9 rooms wide, double-eaves roof and blue glazed tiles. Looking at the building from a distance, the vision is wide, the breeze blows, and the pines burst. There is really a wonderful scene of "the bleak wind blowing in the south and the mountain springs gurgling" This building is also a memorial hall for the fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army. The memorial hall was built in 193 1. Designed by American architect Mao Fei according to the traditional national architecture in China, the cost is 210.5 million yuan. After the completion of 1933, it was officially named "Revolutionary Memorial Hall". This two-story building is 4 1.7m long from east to west and 9.7m wide from north to south. It's a reinforced concrete imitation wood structure. There is a cloister outside, 9 rooms downstairs, a hall in the middle, and a horse-walking building above. Set up shelves up and down to display the relics of fallen soldiers or hold exhibitions.
Behind the Song Feng Pavilion 100 meters is a modern pagoda with perfect shape-Guling Pagoda.
Guling Pagoda, formerly known as Memorial Pagoda for fallen soldiers, is one of the main buildings in the cemetery for fallen soldiers. Built in 193 1 ~ 1933, the cost is 355,000 yuan. The designers of the tower are famous American architect Mao Fei and China architect Dong.
Now we come to Guling Tower, and we see that the tower foundation is a large platform with a diameter of 30.4 meters, with an octagonal plane and a carved stone fence outside. There are stone steps on the front of the tower. In the middle of the stone steps is a white granite relief, 5.8 meters high and 2.8 meters wide. Look again, the tower is 60 meters high, with nine floors of human faces, reinforced concrete and Suzhou granite. Bottom diameter 14m, gradually decreasing upward, top diameter 9m. Each floor is paved with green glazed tiles, and there is a corridor outside, surrounded by a stone fence, which is convenient for tourists to lean against the fence and enjoy the scenery. The top of the tower is covered with green glazed tiles, the cornices are upturned, and there is a pagoda in the middle of the tower, which is magnificent.
Visiting the Tower: The word "Guling Tower" on the horizontal hat at the main entrance is Gao Yilin, the first director of the cemetery management office after liberation.
Books. The second and fourth floors of the tower are the farewell speeches of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a Kuomintang veteran Yu Youren, when he went north. The fifth to eighth floors are the opening words of Wu Jingheng, another veteran of the Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's seal script at Huangpu Military Academy.
I walked 252 steps along the reinforced concrete spiral escalator and came to the top floor of the tower. Climbing high and overlooking, you can fully appreciate the green scenery of the distant mountains and the theme of "All the way to the sky, all the way to the depths" in Guling Scenic Area.
To the west of Guling Pagoda, there is also a Baogong Pagoda.
Baogong Pagoda-a pagoda used to bury Baozhi and Buddhist relics in Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties. It cost 0.2 million/200 thousand silver to build this pagoda at that time. Later, because Zhu Yuanzhang built the Ming Tombs, he moved the towers and temples here and renamed them Guling Pagoda. When the tower was built, it was five stories, but unfortunately the original tower has been destroyed. Monk Baozhi is from Dongyang, Qixia, Nanjing. He became a monk at the age of seven, and Liang Dajian died in thirteen years. He is one of the most respected monks in Liang Wudi.
Three Monuments-There is a black stone tablet embedded in front of Baogong Tower, which is engraved with the portraits of Baozhi and a monk painted by Wu Daozi, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty. On the left is a portrait of Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, written by Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the monument is called "Three Wonders Monument". However, the original tablet was completely destroyed as early as the third year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1428), and now we see the old Tibetan rubbings copied by monk Fa Shou during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.
Ladies and gentlemen: We have basically visited the main buildings of Linggu Temple. In fact, the scale of Linggu Temple in Ming Dynasty was much larger than it is now. In addition to what we saw, there are King Kong Hall, Tianwang Hall, Wufang Hall, Pilu Hall, Guanyin Pavilion, Zen Hall, guest rooms and abbot rooms. Linggu Temple in the middle of Qing Dynasty regained its former glory. In addition to repairing temples, it is also called "Eight Wonders". These eight scenic spots are: Zhong You Qingyun, Floating Moon, Bell of Ancient Temple, Songying of Cangchi, Qixia of Ginkgo biloba, Yanzhu of Qingquan, Scattering qi in the palm, Qushui Liujin. These landscapes have experienced vicissitudes, especially during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, when the Taiping Army and the Qing Army used them as battlefields, so the buildings in the temple were seriously damaged, and only the Liangliang Hall was a brick building, which was completely preserved.
Ladies and gentlemen, out of Linggu Temple, the road we are taking now is called Pipa Street.
Pipa Street-Why is it called Pipa Street? According to legend, people can hear the crisp echo when they step on the ground here, clapping their hands and applauding.
You can hear the beautiful echo like a string, which is a scenic spot in Guling. Don't believe it? You can have a try. I hope my tour guide's explanation will also leave you unforgettable notes. Thank you!