Twelve hours include Zishi, Ugly Time, Yin Shi, Shi Mao, Chen Shi, Shi Si, Noon, Weishi, Shenshi, Youshi, Xushi and Shihai. Twelve o'clock system was widely popular in China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
In ancient China, a day was divided into twelve hours, and on this basis, it was further divided to make the time more accurate.
There are twelve hours in a day. In modern times, one hour is two hours. There are 8 minutes in an hour, which is 15 minutes in modern times; Three teas for a while, one tea for 5 minutes; A cup of tea with two incense sticks and one incense stick is 2 minutes and 30 seconds. A wick has 5 points, and the modern one has 30 seconds; One point six refers to modern five seconds; The snap finger has 10 moments, and an instant is 0.5 seconds.
There are different opinions about the origin of China's ancient twelve-point theory. About before the Warring States period, in order to study the astronomical calendar, the celestial sphere was divided into 12 celestial sphere regions along the equator, called 12 stars. At the same time, the north pole center of the sky is divided into 12 directions, and the time period is represented by twelve o'clock.
Twelve-hour system is a method of calculating time with twelve earthly branches. There is an algorithm of "pushing overtime" in Saint thomas lee, the oldest calendar in the Western Han Dynasty. The so-called "overtime" is to divide the conversion of time calculated by various calendars into twelve o'clock, which is the earliest record of the twelve o'clock system.
Wang Chong, a philosopher of the Han Dynasty, said in Lun Heng: "At twelve o'clock in the day, we work at sunrise and rest at sunset." Explain that twelve o'clock and twelve names have been used together and arranged in order.
In the Han Dynasty, twelve o'clock was named as: midnight, crow, pingdan, sunrise, food time, angle, sun, dusk, dusk, and dusk, which was decided by people. Every hour has another name, which is represented by twelve branches.
Midnight, also called midnight, midnight, midnight, midnight. Midnight is the first hour of twelve o'clock, corresponding to midnight, midnight, three drums and night C, and the time is 23:00- 1:00.
At this time, the earthly branch is called "Zishi". This is the time when mice are active in the dead of night, so they are called "mice".
The period from darkness to light is called "night". "Midnight" refers to the middle period from darkness to dawn, which is a natural phenomenon, and what people usually call "midnight" generally refers to all the dark time, which is often more than two hours.
Cockcrow, also known as pheasant. The second hour of twelve o'clock corresponds to four watches, four drums and midnight. The time is from 1 to 3 o'clock.
At this time, it is ugly to call the ground branch. Cattle are used to eating grass at night, and farmers often get up late at night to feed them, so they are called "ugly cows".
Chicken was praised by the ancients as "knowing when to keep an appointment". At dawn, the rooster crows, dawn comes and people get up. The literal meaning of "cock crow" is "cock crow", but it refers to the period after midnight and before twelve o'clock Pingdan.
China is a vast country. Due to the different seasons and regions throughout the year, the time to start crowing is generally about one hour before the local dawn.
Pingdan, also known as, Mingdan, Xiaodan, Zaodan, Ridan, Concealed Dan, Chendan, Zaodan, Zaochao, Concealed Shuang, Danri, etc. The time is from 3: 00 to 5: 00, which is what we called the Five Watches in ancient times.
At this time, it was called "Yin Shi" by the earthly branch. At this time, tigers lying during the day and walking at night are the fiercest. The ancients often heard tigers roaring at this time, so they were called "silver tigers".
Before the sun came out of the horizon, the period before dawn was called "Pingdan", which is what we now call dawn.
Sunrise is also called sunrise, sunrise, sunrise, sundial, rising sun and dawn. The time is from 5: 00 to 7: 00, which refers to the time when the sun just appeared and Ran Ran first rose. At this time, the rising sun shines on the earth, giving people a feeling of vitality.
At this time, the earthly branch called it "Shi Mao". At dawn, rabbits leave their nests and like to eat grass with morning dew, so they are called "hairy rabbits".
It is also called breakfast, feast and flea food when eating. The time is from 7: 00 to 9: 00, and the time for the ancients to "eat" is also breakfast time.
At this time, it is called Chen Shi earthly branch. It's usually foggy at this time. In ancient China, there was a saying that the dragon walked in the clouds and the rising sun rose, so it was called "Chen Long".
In the corner, it is also called Yu Ri, Yuzhong and Yu Ri. The time is 9: 00 1 1, which is near noon.
At this time, it was called "Shi Si" by the earthly branch. At this time, the fog dispersed, the sun was shining, and the snakes came out of the hole to feed, so they were called "four snakes".
Huai Nan Zi by Liu An in Han Dynasty? The word "horn" first appeared in astronomical training: "the sun rises in the valley ... as for mulberry field, it means eating;" As for Hengyang, it is called the angle; As for Kunwu, it's exactly what I want. "
Duan Yucai, an exegetist of Chinese characters in Qing Dynasty, said that "a corner is a corner" in Notes on Explaining Chinese Characters. What is the connection between this corner and time?
If we take Chang 'an, the place where the author of Huai Nan Zi, Liu An and his protege Su Fei wrote books, people will observe that Hengyang and Kunwu are both in the south.
When the sun runs over Hengyang, but not over Kunwu, the connecting line between Chang 'an observation point and the sun over Hengyang and the connecting line between the observation point and the sun over Kunwu form an included angle.
This included angle is the intersection angle formed by Shi Si and two hours at noon, measured with Chang 'an as the benchmark. That is, the east inclination angle formed between the sun at the beginning and the angle. Therefore, people call this period "Angle".
Japan and China, also known as Sun Zheng, the sun is at noon, the sun is high, noon, pavilion noon and Sun Dang noon. The time is from 1 1 to 13.
At this time, the earth branch is called "noon". In ancient times, wild horses were not tamed by humans. At noon, they run around screaming, so they are called "afternoon horses".
The sun has moved to the noon of the day, that is, noon. In ancient times, people used the time of the sun in the middle of the sky as a time sign to go to the market to trade. The initial activities of this commodity exchange were carried out in Japan and China.
Sundial is also called sundial, sundial, sundial, sunset, sunset. The time is 13 to 15, and the sun goes down.
At this time, it was called "Wei's" by the local branch. Some places call it "sheep out of the slope", which means it is a good time to herd sheep, so it is called "Weiyang".
Sima Qian, a historian of the Han Dynasty, used the term "flying in the sun" for the first time in Historical Records. TianGuanShu: "Dan for food, for wheat; Eating the sun is millet. " A sundial means that the sun deviates to the west of the earth after the transit. With the transit as the boundary, the sun at this time is opposite to the sun in the corner.
Time is also called time, day, millet and night food. The time is from 15 to 17.
At this time, it is called "Shenshi" when it is called the earthly branch. At this time, the sun is setting in the west, and monkeys like to crow at this time, so they are called "Shen Monkey".
The ancients usually had a second meal at midnight. So "time" means "time for the second meal". The ancients often wrote "Yi" instead of "Yi Shi" in their works. For example, Du Fu's Xu Bu wrote: "All steps are green, and the court put all its eggs in one basket." Bai Juyi's "Su Du Qu Hua Xia" wrote: "Only cherishing spring will be late, and it will become more and more sad."
Sunrise, also called sunset, sunset, sunset, sunset, sunset, dusk, dusk and dusk, means when the sun goes down. The time is from 17 to 19.
At this time, the earth branch is called "unitary time" When the sun goes down, the chicken spins in front of the nest, so it is called "unitary chicken".
"Sunrise" refers to the time when the sun sets. In ancient times, people regarded "sunrise" and "sunrise" as the signs of the arrival of day and night respectively. At that time, people's productive labor and rest were based on the simple timetable of "work at sunrise and rest at sunset".
Dusk is also called sunset, sunset, sunset, dusk, darkness, sunset, sundial and yellow. The time is from 19 to 2 1. At this time, the sun has set and it will be dark. The world is dark and everything is hazy, so it is called dusk.
At this time, it was called "strange stone" by the earth branch. At this time, people have worked hard all day and are ready to have a rest. Dogs lie on guard in front of the door and bark loudly when there is any movement, so they are called "dogs".
The ancients used "dusk" to represent this time because the sun was setting, everything was hazy and the world was dim. The word "dusk" vividly reflects the typical natural characteristics of this period. The word "dusk" was first used by Qu Yuan, a poet in the Warring States Period. In Li Sao, he wrote: "Once upon a time, you and I sincerely said that at dusk, we would change the road to the middle of the road."
The word "dusk" often appears in China's ancient literary works, especially in his poems. For example, Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in "The Outline of Birth": "On the willow shoots, people meet after dusk."
In this sentence, the poet used "dusk" as a beautiful moment for young men and women to meet, which is extremely accurate. "to see the sun, for all his glory, buried in the coming night", a well-known sentence, expresses the lament of Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and has been passed down from generation to generation.
People decide, also known as fainting at night. The time is from 2 1 to 2300.
At this time, it was called "stone sea" by the earth branch. At this time, in the dead of night, the sound of the pig arch can be heard, so it is called "sea pig".
People must be the last hour of twelve o'clock in a day and a night. Calm means quiet. At this time, it was already late at night, and people stopped their activities and had a rest.
The first long narrative poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" in China ancient folk songs has the poem "After dusk, lonely people will settle down". Knowing the concept of time, we can correctly understand the meaning of this poem.
In a word, the twelve-day chronograph is unique and has a long history. It is one of the splendid cultural treasures of China and an outstanding contribution of the Chinese nation to the astronomical calendar of mankind.