From the fourth year of Shunzhi to the sixth year of Shunzhi (1647- 1649), Zheng Chenggong became a maritime righteous teacher, and successively broke through Tongan, Haicheng and Zhangpu in Fujian, conquered Quanzhou and the coast of southern Fujian, and entered Jinmen and Xiamen. Then take Jinmen and Xiamen as anti-Qing bases and actively develop their own military and political forces.
On the military side, Zheng Chenggong established more than 100 amphibious divisions in towns and camps, which were divided into pro-army, army division and navy division. There are five guards in the pro-army, namely Zuowuwei Town, Youwuwei Town, Zuo Hu Wei Town, Youwuwei Town and Luanyiwei, among which Luanyiwei is Zheng Chenggong's guard, including five battalions: front, back, left and right. In addition to the pro-army, there are five armies, the front, the back, the left and the right, which are the main forces in the battle. Zheng Chenggong is a marshal of China's army. Below the army is the town, and below the town is the association. There are five associations in each town. This "five-year plan" method is well organized, ensuring the centralized command and combat effectiveness of the army. In the southeast coastal areas, it is impossible for the army to win without ship weapons.
After joining the army, Zheng Chenggong actively supervised shipbuilding machinery. After arriving in Xiamen, he ordered Feng to set up a bureau to manufacture all kinds of weapons. Zheng Chenggong also paid special attention to the training of troops. He successively built a martial arts hall in Xiamen and a martial arts hall in Aozi, personally reviewed the soldiers' drills and formulated rules and regulations for the whole army to follow. In addition, necessary examinations are also conducted to reward and promote those who have outstanding martial arts and outstanding achievements. Zheng Chenggong's orders are very strict, and his troops must abide by them when advancing and retreating.
As for the officers and men who run away from the battlefield, those who disobey orders will be punished even if they win, and those who obey orders will be rewarded even if they make mistakes. On one occasion, because Zheng Chenggong ran into the Ma Xin military camp, the monitor Chen Yong stopped him because he didn't receive the traffic order in advance, and Zheng Chenggong stabbed him, bleeding profusely. Ma Xin heard about it and sent Chen Yong to Zheng Chenggong to plead guilty. Zheng Chenggong released him face to face and rewarded him. Even to his closest relatives, Zheng Chenggong is selfless in law enforcement. When Ma Degong, a general of the Qing Dynasty, attacked Xiamen, his uncle Zheng Zhiguan swept away the treasure and abandoned the city without fighting. Zheng Chenggong returned to Xiamen as a captain and immediately condemned Zheng Zhiguan for missing the opportunity and punished him according to law.
Therefore, Zheng Chenggong's entire army obeyed military orders.
On the political front, please send a letter to Nanmingyuan, saying, "Before Xu, the six chief officials were all higher in rank than assistant ministers, doctors and officials." The six parts are divided into ceremony, household, official, soldier, punishment and work.
These six officials later became the heads of Zheng Chenggong's government. Xiamen is an important military strategic location. After the occupation, in order to build it into a solid anti-Qing base area, in addition to taking a series of military measures, it also set out to establish political institutions, changed the so-called middle-left land of the Ming Dynasty into Siming County, and appointed Zheng as the prefect.
In addition, Zheng Chenggong also paid attention to developing trade and raising food costs. At that time, there were 70 or 80 merchant ships from Xiamen to Japan and Southeast Asia every year, with a trade volume of about 2.52 million, most of which were operated by Zheng's "officials and businessmen". And in the domestic capital, Suzhou and Hangzhou, Shandong and other places to operate finance and trade to help its use. Send tax collectors to supervise the collection of money and grain in Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Fuzhou and Xingwen coastal areas to pay for the army.
After Zheng Chenggong took these measures and established a relatively solid base area centered on Jinsha, he led his troops to fight in the south and the north, and moved to the southeast, and achieved a series of brilliant results.
In the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi was in power for five years (165 1). Zhang's Great Western Army joined forces with the regime in Nanming to fight against the Qing Dynasty. In the second year, the Great Western Army set out for the Northern Expedition, which set off an anti-Qing climax. Zheng Chenggong took the opportunity to attack all parts of southern Fujian, echoing each other from afar. In May, Zheng Chenggong marched into Haicheng magnetic stove, and Wang Bangjun, the general town of Zhangpu Qing army, led thousands of horse infantry to help. Zheng Chenggong defeated the Qing army by luring the enemy deep and seized a large number of horse trench. In September, Zheng Jun attacked Zhangpu, and Wang Bangjun and others mobilized thousands of cavalry and infantry to fight against it.
Zheng Chenggong's soldiers were divided into three roads, lying in wait for the enemy all the way, copying the enemy's rear, and facing the enemy all the way, killing the Qing army to flee in panic and capturing a large number of horses and armor of the Qing army. Wang Bangjun asked for help after two defeats, and the Qing court sent Yang Minggao to take thousands of horse infantry to help. Zheng Chenggong landed in Jiudu and personally led Rongqi Town into Xiaoyingling, Zhangpu. Other towns were divided into four groups and ambushed under the ridge. When the Qing army entered the ambush circle, the Governor of Rongqi Town and Youzhen teamed up against the China shares of the Qing army, and the right town helped it to attack the left, and the left pioneer attacked the right. The Qing army was unable to retreat and was almost wiped out. Zhangzhou in southern Fujian belongs to the remnants of the Qing army in various counties, or illegally fled to Zheng or surrendered to the city. In1February alone, Zheng Jun successively captured Zhangpu, Zhaoan, Haicheng and Pinghe counties, consolidating and expanding the anti-Qing base areas centered on Jin and Xia.
At the beginning of the first month of the second year, Zheng Chenggong sailed into Haicheng Port and ordered officers and men from all towns to attack Changtai County.
At the beginning of March, Chen Jin, the governor of Qing, Zhejiang and Fujian, came to the horse to rescue Ying, in an attempt to wipe out Zheng Jun in one fell swoop. Zheng Chenggong sent troops to Zhao 'an, Nanjing, Pinghe, Haicheng and other counties to defend the enemy, and then Dominion stationed troops near Jiangdong Bridge, Donggang, Jiulong River, Zhangzhou. At noon on the 13th, Jin Chen led the horse infantry from the southeast Nanshan Port and ordered them to meet. Soldiers from all battalions flocked out. In less than a day, he defeated the Qing army and captured the old camp of the Qing army in Niuti Mountain. Jin Chen fled to Tongan Port, was stabbed to death by the guards, and his head was cut off for Zheng Chenggong. The battle of Jiangdong Bridge wiped out the main forces stationed in Fujian and further consolidated the anti-Qing base area centered on Xiamen.
In April, Governor Zheng Chenggong attacked Zhangzhou Fucheng, and the Qing Shoujiang Wang Bangjun held the city and wrote for help. In May, the Qing army reinforcements arrived in Zhangzhou and went into battle with Wang Bangjun from the East Gate. Zheng Jun killed them and retreated to the city, afraid to come back. After the Qing army reinforcements were killed, hundreds of boat divisions were mobilized to attack Xiamen to show the encirclement of Zhangzhou.
Zheng Chenggong made Chen Hui the commander-in-chief, led more than 100 warships of the navy to meet the enemy, defeated Yu Chongwu, the navy of the Qing army, and won more than 0 warships of the Qing army/kloc-0.
Zheng Chenggong tried his best to besiege Zhangzhou for more than five months, but he still failed to capture it, so he was in urgent need of food.
In September, Li Jing, the company commander of the Qing army, led Zhejiang and Zhiman Han to ride ten thousand horses into Fujian for assistance at night. In the face of defeat, Zheng Jun had to break the siege of Zhangzhou, retreat to Jiangdong Bridge and finally retreat to Haicheng.
In the tenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and the seventh year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty (1653), Li Jing mobilized tens of thousands of land and water elites of Qing army to attack Haicheng. Haicheng is the gateway of Xiamen, which is related to the success or failure of Zheng, and it is the place that Zheng Jun must keep. Zheng Chenggong ordered the attack, and the Qing army used large and small guns to fight for hundreds of days and nights without stopping. Zheng Chenggong closed his army and held his ground. The Qing army shelled for two days in a row, and Zheng Jun's battalion was consolidated and rotten, and the soldiers suffered great losses. Zheng Chenggong is the commander. Although the city was destroyed 100 feet, he stood on the enemy's platform and watched. He sat in the enemy tower with a hood and drank with the generals. Seeing the enemy's heavy gunfire, the generals advised him to take cover. He said: "Life and death are in the sky. What can the enemy artillery do to me? "
When the Qing soldiers saw that it was Zheng Chenggong, they immediately opened fire. Gan Hui quickly pushed Zheng Chenggong off the stage, and the original seat was smashed to pieces by shelling. Zheng Chenggong said excitedly, "God bless you, you will be safe!" " The officers and men of the whole army are full of passion and high morale. At this time, the gunpowder money of the Qing army camp could not be supplied. Zheng Chenggong estimated that the enemy was bound to fight to the death, ordered the soldiers to dig a nest and hide, and ordered Rongqi Town and Artifact Town to bury all the gunpowder next to the river ditch at night, ready for the Qing army to attack. On the sixth night, the Qing soldiers really fired and slammed all night. On the fifth drum, the artillery came first, followed by the green flag soldiers, marching in parallel, filling trenches and climbing grids. Zheng Jun swore to the death to resist the enemy, slashing with a big axe, retreating three times and advancing three times, causing many casualties. It's almost dawn, and most of the Qing army has crossed the river. Zheng Chenggong ordered a ground gun to be lit beside the river ditch, killing all the Qing troops who had just crossed the river. Zheng Jun rushed out. Before crossing the river, the Qing army fled in panic, was captured and killed by Zheng Jun, and Li Jing escaped.
In November of the 11th year of Qing Shunzhi (1654), Jie Shouqing of Zhangzhou entered the city and surrendered to Zheng, and was awarded the post of governor. In December, Zheng Chenggong divided the towns into three counties: Tong 'an, Nan 'an and Hui 'an, and all the other counties were on the verge of surrender. At this point, Zhangzhou and Zhang Quan were recovered by Zheng Jun, who moved to Xinghua.
In the second year, in order to wipe out Zheng Jun in one fell swoop, the Qing court ordered Prince Zheng Qinwang to lead the Qing army to Fujian. With Feng's good strategy, he demolished all the cities, sent Hao Wenxing and his gang to defend Haicheng, evacuated the whole army to Xiamen, defended the islands, and saved energy for the Qing army. In April (1656), in the 13th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and the 10th year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty, Du Ji appointed Han Shangliang as the pioneer, attacked Xiamen and confronted Zheng Jun around the head. In the storm, most of the soldiers of the Qing army got seasick, so they could not fight or land. Instead, they attacked Jinmen and were blocked by Zheng Jun's navy. The two sides fought in Quanzhou Bay. The Qing army suffered a crushing defeat, with numerous casualties. Han Shangliang was killed first, and most of the rest of the Qing soldiers were captured. Zheng Jun won the battle of Quanzhou Bay, but in June, Huang Wu, commander of Haicheng, betrayed the Qing Dynasty. After the fall of Haicheng, Zheng Chenggong had to change the direction of attack and try not to make progress.
In July, Zheng Chenggong was stationed in Zhangzhou with the governor, and when the provincial capital Fuzhou was empty, he sent a navy to Min 'an. After the success of Min 'an, Zheng Chenggong personally led the navy division to Min 'an, and ordered the brigade boatman to enter Nantai and Fuzhou. In order to prevent reinforcements from the Qing army in the north and south, they divided their troops to guard the Wulong River and Lianjiang Beiling, then demolished houses in the southeast corner, erected forts and shelled Fuzhou city day and night. After fierce fighting, Zheng Jun once attacked the city and occupied Wu Lou. Later, due to the ambush of China Qing army, he withdrew from Fuzhou in mid-August. When they learned that Fujian had been conquered and Fuzhou surrounded, they quickly sent Agger businessmen to lead Xiaoqichi to the rescue, and ordered Made Power Department to leave Bajiaomen and cross the river to attack Tongshan, in an attempt to follow the method of "attacking Wei and saving Korea". At the beginning of September, Ma Degong led his troops to attack Tongshan at Baqimen, and was countered by Zheng Jun, who suffered heavy casualties and was forced to retreat. 12, Zheng Chenggong made progress in Luoyuan, Ningde and other cities. Agel Shang and others, reinforcements of the Qing army, led thousands of people to rear-end. Zheng Chenggong made Gan Hui and Zhou Quanbin break through the rear, and then gradually showed weakness to lure the enemy. When Agger saw Zheng Jun's retreat, he pursued with confidence. He was ambushed by Zheng Jun in Huguoling, causing heavy casualties, and Agger was killed on the spot.
At the same time, in order to welcome Li Dingguo, the great army of Xiliang who marched into Guangxi, Zheng Chenggong sent a navy to Chaoshan in the 10th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and the 7th year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty (1653), and joined hands with Zhang Mingzhen, an old minister of Lu Wang, to attack the Yangtze River. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), the Qing army attacked the Southwest Northwest Army. In order to save the southwest, Zheng Chenggong sent troops to attack the coastal areas of Zhejiang. Unfortunately, due to the hurricane, he was forced to retreat. Since then, Zheng Chenggong has been fighting in Fujian coastal areas, repeatedly defeated the Qing army, and is looking forward to the Northern Expedition with Li Dingguo. After the death of Zhang Mingzhen, the rest was led by Zhang Huangyan, and Zheng Chenggong also worked closely with him. They fought in mountainous islands such as Fujian, Guangdong and Zhejiang, and they supported each other and echoed each other from afar.
Zheng Chenggong fought in the southeast coast for more than ten years. He thinks it's time-consuming. Might as well fight the Qing army. After a long preparation, he decided to go north again. In the 14th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and 11th year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty (1657), Li Yong (Wang Gui) made Zheng Chenggong the king of Yanping County. This year, he began to inspect armaments, store food, train the iron army, deploy troops and prepare for the Northern Expedition. After full preparation, in the 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and in May of 13th year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty (1659), Zheng Chenggong recruited a marshal, and together with Zhang Huangyan, the former prime minister of Longwu, led an amphibious army of 170,000 and 2,300 warships to launch a massive northern expedition to the south of the Yangtze River. The Northern Expeditionary Army landed on Chongming Island in May and went straight to Guazhou in June. The navy division entered Qili Port on the south bank of Zhenjiang, set up camp on the 20th, and confronted the Qing army at close range. Zheng Chenggong saw that Yinshan was approaching Zhenjiang House, which was less than three miles away from the Qing army camp. On 22nd, he ordered various armies to quickly detour to the foot of Yinshan Mountain to wage a fierce battle with the Qing army. Zheng Jun fought bravely, regarded death as his death, and was invincible, killing the Qing soldiers in flight and leaving corpses everywhere. The rest of the Qing soldiers panicked and fled everywhere. Zheng Chenggong ordered the invasion of the city and sent people into the city to surrender. Zhenjiang satrap and satrap Dai led the troops out of the city to surrender to Yinshan Army. On the 25th, Zheng Chenggong toured Zhenjiang City, strictly forbidding officers and men to enter people's homes for harassment, and offenders would be severely punished. Encouraged by Zheng Chenggong's appeasement policy, followers from Yizhen, Pukou, Chuxian and Liuhe came one after another.
In July, Zheng successfully entered Nanjing. Jingzhou, Yangzhou, Wuhu, Danyang, Ningguo, Chizhou and Anqing surrendered to Zheng. In less than half a month, the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied four prefectures, three states and twenty-four counties, which shocked the Qing court. The emperor shunzhi even prepared to personally led the troops to suppress. However, Zheng Chenggong did not accept the advice of Zhang Huangyan and others, set up a stronghold, cut off grain transportation, and concentrated on attacking Nanking. Coupled with the scattered forces and underestimation, he was suddenly attacked by Liang Huafeng, the general of the Qing army, and defeated Nanjing at the gates. Zheng Chenggong had to lead his troops out of the Yangtze River and back to Jin and Xia. The Qing army followed closely, trying to wipe out Zheng Jun completely.
The Qing court appointed Dasu as General Annan, led 40,000-50,000 Eight Banners troops into Fujian, and ordered Andali to lead the army to attack Xiamen from Nanjing via ARATS. After half a year's rest and supplement, Zheng Chenggong concentrated all his troops on Xiamen Sea, determined to fight to the death with the Qing army. In the 17th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and 14th year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty (1660), the two armies fought in haimen port, Zhangzhou. Taking advantage of the favorable wind direction, the Qing army stormed Zheng Jun and destroyed many warships of Zheng Jun, but Zheng Chenggong always stood at his bow and calmly commanded the battle. The soldiers were greatly encouraged and fought bravely. At noon, the wind changed and the waves began to rise. Zheng Chenggong immediately ordered the whole army to counterattack, and the Qing army was in chaos. The soldiers of Zheng army beat the waves and captured a large number of ships and officers of the Qing army. Dasu fled hastily and committed suicide in Fuzhou.
After the invasion of Xiamen failed, in order to deal with this anti-Qing force, the Qing court issued an "order to withdraw the boundary" in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and the fifteenth year of Li Yong in Nanming Dynasty (166 1), forcing the coastal residents from Shandong to Guangdong to move 30 miles inland, and forbidding ships to go out to sea, in an attempt to trap Zheng Chenggong in the southeast corner and prevent him from leading the northern expedition again.
Faced with this situation, Zheng Chenggong decided to cross the sea and crusade to recover Taiwan Province province occupied by Dutch colonists as a base for accumulating strength to continue the anti-Qing movement.