be
However, political power is in the hands of a few male citizens, and efforts do not have the same rights as women. such
It reached its peak in Pericles' time.
Rose
During the reign of Rasquin, the Senturia Congress was
. And then?
Implement aristocratic democracy and elect two people every year.
; Elections during the imperial crisis
. Later entered
Period, it completely entered the monarchy, until its demise.
ancient Greece
Ups and downs
The core is the ancient west
.
Ancient Greece and Rome are regarded by the modern west.
about
The reason is that the democracy and legal system of western capitalism today mostly originated from ancient Greece and Rome.
Most of the early human civilizations occurred in large river basins. Ancient Greece and Romania
Due to its unique geographical environment, the Ming Dynasty originated and prospered on the basis of the ocean, forming its "marine civilization". The special geographical environment and historical conditions made ancient Greece form a "marine civilization"
"the characteristics of"
Country. To make sure
Independence, development and maintenance
Democratic rule and interests in ancient Greece.
Emphasize citizens' democratic rights in order to maintain independence at home and seize foreign wealth and slaves abroad.
With its powerful
, constantly strive for expansion; In order to maintain its huge
The imperial emperor emphasized making laws. "Marine Civilization" in Ancient Greece and Rome
Both the rule of law and politics are related to external expansion. Its concepts of democracy and rule of law are
and
China was regarded by the bourgeoisie as a new ideological weapon against feudal darkness and became a new bourgeois construction 2.
The important theoretical basis of ideal.
In politics, ancient Greece was called the democratic era.
The so-called "democratic era" refers to the period from the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC, which is the heyday of the ancient Greek world.
Has been prosperous and developed, and Athens, which is located in the bay and has convenient transportation, has increasingly developed industry and commerce and established.
Democracy. In Athens, there is no king in the country, and the highest authority is the citizens' assembly, which is drawn by citizens to discuss state affairs.
The Athenians
1, the evolution of democratic politics:
——
-Democracy
2, the establishment of democracy:
-Put the country on the track of democracy;
Cristini reform-finally established.
Perikles's Reform-Perfecting the Democratic System
3. The basic characteristics of Athenian democracy:
People's sovereignty and rule by turns
4. Specific performance: (Composition of democratic political institutions in Athens)
(1) component:
The highest authority is responsible for deliberating and deciding all state affairs; The most important procedure-debate on one thing.
(2) 500-member parliament:
The subsidiary body of the citizens' assembly is responsible for preparing the assembly.
; When the two citizens' congresses are not in session, the Committee is the representative of the highest authority and is responsible for supervising the administrative officials to implement the resolutions of the congresses.
(3) People's courts:
Every day; Tiantiandi
Maximize fairness and avoid bribery and fraud.
Step 5 run
Keywords collective leadership, electoral system, tenure system,
Proportional representation system, etc.
6. Essence:
maintain
The means of rule.
3 evaluation:
Creativity:
(1) Pioneering work of democracy (providing new forms of collective management and creating new ways of democratic operation)
② Most people participate in politics (decision-making, election and mass supervision).
③ Push
The development of (the catalyst of great civilization)
Stenosis:
(1) the scope of democracy is very limited;
(2) The essence of democracy is very primitive (
The product of)
Lottery elections may lead to
Abuse and misuse.
Lesson 7
Politics and law
Understand; Understanding
The main content of and its role in maintenance.
The role of rules, understand the value of law in human social life.
1
Meaning of
Generally speaking, it refers to the formation of the Roman state from the end of 6th century BC to the middle of 6th century BC.
Roman law, until the emperor compiled the code.
Roman law is not a legal text, it includes jurisprudence and law, and it is all Roman law formulated and implemented in the historical process of more than 1000 years in ancient Rome.
2 the formation process of Roman law
-Noble.
-Imperial system
3 the formation background of Roman law
《
"-at the beginning (
)
《
A Complete Collection of Civil Law —— Summary (complete stage)
4 the basic characteristics of Roman law
Divided by form:
、
According to the structure: civil law, civil law.
Core content: Property is sacred and inviolable.
Follow the principle: natural reason
Implementation effect: It provides a legal basis for people to exercise their rights and assume their obligations.
Essence: maintenance
A tool of rule
5 the status and influence of Roman law
1, status:
be
Ancient times with the richest content, the most perfect system and the most extensive influence on later generations.
.
2. Impact:
(1) ancient Rome, consolidate the rule.
Protect private property and consolidate Rome.
The economic basis of rule. adjust
Maintain social order and protect the interests of the ruling class.
Force is conducive to winning over all classes.
(2) for later generations-legal sources (modern Europe
The basis of; Pioneer of modern capitalist legal system)
Jury system; Lawyer system; Litigation system; Values such as "everyone is equal before the law".
On the value of law in human social life from the perspective of Roman law
Roman law plays an important role in regulating social life, resolving social conflicts and maintaining social stability.
The great role played by rules shows that the outstanding value of law lies in maintaining social order.
In addition, with
Its value is also reflected in: improving the country's
, guarantee
Standardize people's behavior, adjust various social relations, consolidate state power, and then promote social civilization and progress.
Greece
2、
The geographical environment is mountainous and few, and there are many harbors, which is conducive to navigation and promotion.
Development.
3. The so-called "city-state" refers to a national form of Greece, which is generally centered on a city and includes several surrounding villages.
4、
The main function of is
States have long been independent.
5. Athens
Yes, I have experienced it one after another.
、
Democracy.
Solon laid the foundation for democracy in Athens, and Cleisthenes finally established democracy.
7. The democratic institutions in Athens mainly include the citizens' assembly, the 500-member assembly and the people's court.
8. Athenian democracy is characterized by people's sovereignty and rule by turns.
9. Democracy in Athens was founded on the basis of the rule of law.
System,
, proportional representation system, lifelong system, etc. , providing valuable experience for future generations.
10, the so-called "citizen" refers to the male citizens of this state who are eligible to participate in the citizens' meeting.
1 1. The essence of Athenian democracy is direct democracy under slavery and minority democracy.
Rome
1, the political system of ancient Rome: monarchy, aristocracy
,
System.
2, the beginning of Roman law is "
",is the first.
.
3. The Complete Book of Civil Law marks the end of Roman law.
4, in terms of form, Roman law can be divided into
and
.
5. Roman law has a far-reaching influence on later generations, especially western law.
it is
The ancient law with the richest content, the most perfect system and the most extensive influence on later generations.