Questions and Answers on Comprehensive History of Liberal Arts
First, multiple choice questions
12. "A kind government must start from the economic boundary (demarcation of land) ... Since the economic boundary is correct, it can divide the land and determine the land." This passage of Mencius believes that
A. frivolous taxation is a means to implement benevolent policies? B. Equality between the rich and the poor is an obstacle to the implementation of benevolent government
C. solving the land problem is the premise of implementing benevolent government? Paying more attention to the people than the monarch is the way to implement benevolent government.
Inscription: "Benevolence must start from the boundary."
Test site: theory of benevolent governance
Analyze the meaning of the material: to be benevolent, we must start from dividing and determining the field boundary. If the demarcation of field boundaries is correct, then the allocation of fields and the formulation of wage standards can be easily completed. That is, a good general plan of governing the country begins with defining land property rights, and solving land problems is the premise of implementing benevolent policies.
Answer: C.
13. Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the official genealogy bureau was set up to determine the official titles and pedigrees of fathers and fathers. Since then, this phenomenon has gradually disappeared, mainly because
A. the end of patriarchal clan system? B. Improvement of the procuratorial system
C. establishment of three provinces and six departments? D. the implementation of the imperial examination system
Inscription: "Before Sui and Tang Dynasties ... the official titles and family status of father and grandfather were determined."
Test center: China ancient official selection system
The national election system before Sui and Tang Dynasties mainly investigated the level of family status, focusing on father, father, official rank and family status. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, this phenomenon gradually disappeared with the appearance of the imperial examination system.
Answer: d
14. San Xiao on the Tiger Creek tells the story of a Confucian Tao Yuanming, a Taoist Lu and a monk Hui Yuan, who are enjoying tea together and forget to return. The story itself is fictional, but it often appears in Tang and Song poetry and calligraphy. Based on this, it can be concluded that it is in line with historical facts, that is, at that time,
A. Is there a trend of integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism? B. Buddhism began to be introduced into China.
C. Is poetry creation prosperous? D. the painting style is mainly realistic.
Inscription: "Confucians, Taoists and monks drink tea together."
Test site: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism "three religions in one"
Through the analysis of the stories of Tao Yuanming, Lu and Hui Yuan, three literati in different times, who enjoyed tea and forgot to return home, we can see that the cultures of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are interdependent, which reflects the trend of integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
A: A.
15. There was a public opinion in the late Qing Dynasty: "Zeng Guofan, a famous minister of ZTE, only rewarded Marquis, but Li Hongzhang was no more than Earl. The rest of the battle-hardened heroes are expected to become barons, but they can't get them. Today, they started their business with prizes from children and men, which is a rare pioneering work. " This "pioneering work" reflects
A. the bud of capitalism B. the change of the tradition of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce
C. the establishment of the title system D. the strengthening of the feudal monarchy
Inscription: "Establish an industrial enterprise with prizes from children and men."
Test site: incentive industry policy in late Qing Dynasty
At the beginning of the 20th century, the ruling clique of the Qing Dynasty realized that "it is an important policy of ancient and modern countries to communicate with businessmen and benefit workers", and instead rewarded and sympathized with businessmen, and publicized that revitalizing industry and commerce is the foundation of the country's prosperity, which set off an ideological trend of valuing business society in modern China. This "pioneering work" reflects the change of the tradition of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce.
Answer: b
16
Xuantong five years in Qing dynasty, the third day of the first month.
Since the rebellion, the new parties have been competing to attack foreign fur, not only following foreign politics, but also changing the lunar calendar to the solar calendar, which means that wearing colors also has a foreign effect, while foreign foreigners are eating whales and swallowing whales.
……
More than 50 people came to pay New Year greetings, all dressed in plain clothes and wearing caps. None of them wore caps, which was very different from last year.
Figure 5 shows an example of a rural intellectual in 19 13.
Diary (part), from which we can see that
A. The author disagrees with the Revolution of 1911.
B. the author advocates a comprehensive study of the west.
C. At that time, rural social customs remained unchanged.
D. At that time, democracy and ideas were deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Inscriptions: "19 13" and "foreign countries have been eating whales since the accident, and it is getting worse every day".
Test center: the change of modern social life customs
After the victory of the Revolution of 1911, influenced by the West, great changes have taken place in China's social politics, dress and etiquette, but the die-hards can't accept new things. C. the viewpoint is inconsistent with the material information; Can't be reflected in the B D material.
A: A.
17.1The changes in the number of farmers' associations in the 1920s reflected the situation of the farmers' movement. The direct cause of the change shown in table 1
A. Nanchang Uprising B. Opening of Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base
C. the northern expedition D. the publication of the investigation report of Hunan peasant movement
Title: Changes in the Number of Farmers' Associations in the 1920s. The number of farmers' associations in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi increased greatly.
Test site: Northern Expedition War
The growth area in the analysis map is the main area experienced by the Northern Expedition, which promoted the growth of the workers and peasants' movement. A B time does not match, and D has little influence on it, so rule it out.
Answer: c
18. Figure 6 is the cover of a magazine. The historical information obtained from it is that at that time,
A. The China satellite has been launched.
B. hybrid rice was successfully cultivated.
C. exaggeration is very common
D. The strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education has achieved initial results
Title: Cover information: "Satellite" and "1958"
Test site: Great Leap Forward Movement
Analysis of the reasons for the successful cultivation of hybrid rice 1973: a China satellite 1970 went into the sky; D the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education 1995 was put forward, but the time did not match, so it was ruled out. During the "Great Leap Forward" from 65438 to 0958, due to the persistence in achieving unrealistic high goals, blind command prevailed and exaggeration prevailed, so the correct answer was C.
Answer: c
19. Some scholars think: "Ancient Athenian politics was built on a very undemocratic basis." The following historical facts of the heyday of Athenian democracy can support this assertion.
A. the citizens' assembly is the highest authority.
B.there are more slaves among the residents than freemen.
C. many outstanding citizens were exiled abroad by Tao exile law.
D Members of the 500-member Council are selected from 65,438+00 constituencies by drawing lots.
Title: "Athenian democracy" and "very undemocratic"
Proving ground: the limitations of Athenian democracy
Analysis of Athens democracy is only a minority democracy, women, slaves, immigrants do not enjoy democratic rights, especially the vast majority of slaves do not have democratic rights. Therefore, it can be explained that ancient Athenian politics was based on a very undemocratic basis.
Answer: b
20. Among the following constitutions, Parliament has the least restraint on the government.
A. 19 12 Interim Constitution of the Republic of China? B. 1875 Constitution of the Third French Republic
C. 187 1 German Empire Constitution D. 1787 American Constitution
Title: "Parliament has the least power to restrict the government"
Test center: the representative system of modern western capitalism
Analysis: 187 1 the constitution of the German Empire stipulates that the parliament is a legislative body composed of the federal parliament and the imperial parliament. But any bill must be approved by the federal parliament and the emperor before it can take effect. Therefore, its parliament has the least restriction on the government.
Answer: c
2 1. Some scholars believe that: "19' s new Europe in the 1970s ... can be regarded as a new stage of class struggle in history referred to by materialist dialectics." This view is based on historical facts.
A. the first industrial revolution? B. Russian October Revolution
C. The Manifesto of the Productive Party was published D. The Paris Commune Revolution
Title: New Europe in the 1970s since 19 and New Stage of Class Struggle.
Test site: Paris commune revolution
Analyzing the Paris Commune 187 1 is the first great attempt of the proletariat to establish political power, which is mainly manifested in breaking the old state machine and establishing a new proletarian state machine, which embodies the socialist violent revolution from theory to practice.
Answer: d
22. 19 19 The British Times once published a headline article-Scientific Revolution, with two sub-headings: "A new theory of the universe" and "The bankruptcy of Newton's concept". The theory with the significance of "scientific revolution" is
A. Heliocentrism B. Quantum theory C. Classical mechanics D. Relativity
Topic: "New Theory of the Universe" and "The Bankruptcy of Newton's Concept"
Test site: relativity
Analyzing Einstein's theory of relativity developed Newtonian mechanics and broke the traditional view of absolute time and space, which can be said to be "the bankruptcy of Newton's concept".
Answer: d
23. In the early days after World War II, some politicians believed that a strategic measure implemented by the United States in Europe at that time was "only an economic means at first, but now it has become a great weapon in the American arsenal against the Soviet Union". This measure is
A. Implementing the Marshall Plan? B. Establishing the Bretton Woods system
C. Establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization D. Initiating the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Inscription: "European implementation" and "economic means ... to deal with the Soviet Union".
Test site: Marshall plan
Analysis of Marshall Plan is also a European revival plan, which is a plan for the United States to provide economic assistance to the western European countries destroyed by the war after World War II. Its purpose is to contain the Soviet Union and other socialist forces, stabilize the capitalist ruling order, and establish and consolidate the hegemonic position of the United States. Therefore, the correct option is A. C is a military means, and B D is not limited to Europe, so it is excluded.
A: A.
38.(25 points) Read the material and answer questions in combination with what you have learned.
Material 1: China ancient history books are mostly written in biographical style. "Cover yourself, and be timely; Correspondent, list things. Chronicle, through the years of the emperor ...; Those who list things record the behavior of people and ministers. "
-According to (Tang) Liu Zhiji's Shi Tong
Historians, "people who describe the phenomenon of population evolution and get its axioms"; Historians must explore "the experiences of all ethnic groups and their relations"; Historian, "the mirror of the people is also the source of patriotism."
-According to Liang Qichao's "Drinking Room Collection"
Material 2: The history of Florence written by Bruni (1369-1444) is no longer written from the creation of God, but from the construction of Florence; No longer describe the legends and miracles about Florence's city building, but more describe Florence's political life at that time.
-according to the "western historical concept"
Material 3: The textbooks of world general history published in China since 1960s have two main ways to divide the modern history of the world: ① Modern history begins at 1640, and modern history begins at1917; ② Modern history began at around 1500, and modern history began at around 1900.
(1) According to the material 1, what are the main contents recorded in ancient biographical history books? What thoughts influenced Liang Qichao's view of history? (8 points)
(2) According to the second material, analyze what kind of ideological trend Bruni's historical writing reflected at that time. (6 points)
(3) Choose a staging method in Material 3 and analyze its historical basis. (8 points)
(4) Some scholars believe that history refers not only to the past facts themselves, but also to people's records of the past. Talk about your understanding of this sentence. (3 points)
Answer: (25 points)
(1) the activities of the rulers. (2 points) Western ideas of democracy and equality, evolution, saving the nation from extinction. (6 points)
(2) get rid of the shackles of theology, (2) pay attention to reality, and (2) reflect the humanistic tendency. (2 points)
(3) Choose one of the following two answers:
The British bourgeois revolution of 1640 opened a new era of capitalism. (4 points) 19 17 The October Revolution in Russia established the world's first socialist country led by the proletariat. (4 points)
(2)1500 or so, a new sea route was opened, and the world moved from scattered isolation to unified whole. (4 points) 1900 or so, the second industrial revolution promoted the final formation of the capitalist world system. (4 points)
(4) The total score of this question is 3 points. Candidates can score if they have one point.
39.(27 points) When discussing the issue of "the formation and transformation of planned economy in China", a classmate found that a planned economy trend of thought rose in China in the 1930s, and extracted the following materials. Please study deeply under the guidance of the following questions according to the materials and knowledge.
Materials:
Many people "sympathize with the beauty of Soviet Russia, and some even advocate for its great events, thinking that the secret of Soviet Russia's success lies in its social and economic system, because this system is planned and organized."
-According to Oriental Magazine (1933)
"China is under the pressure of both internal and external layers", and the most urgent need is "the whole socialist control economy (planned economy) and collective production".
-Monthly declaration (1933)
"Left or right, everyone admits that the end of laissez-faire economy has come."
-According to independent comments (1934)
(1) Analyze the reasons for the rise of planned economy in China in 1930s from both international and domestic perspectives. (6 points)
(2) Analyze the reasons why China chose the planned economy system in 1950s, and briefly describe the influence of this system on economic construction. (10)
(3) Since 1970s, there has been a trend of economic adjustment in the world. Summarize how the economic policies of western developed countries were adjusted in the 1970s. Briefly describe the deepening performance of China's economic system reform since the reform and opening up. (8 points)
(4) What historical enlightenment have you gained from the above inquiry learning? (3 points) www.zxls.com
Answer: (27 points) (1) Capitalist world economic crisis, allowing the economy to go bankrupt; (2 points) The Soviet planned economic system has made great achievements; (2 points) China has domestic troubles and foreign invasion. (2 points)
(2) Reasons: the capitalist countries led by the United States isolated and surrounded New China, (2 points) "one-sided" and learned from the Soviet Union; (2 points) Weak foundation. (2 points) Impact: It had a positive impact at the initial stage and initially formed an independent industrial system; (2 points) The development of productive forces in the later period will be restricted. (2 points)
(3) the west: appropriately reduce state intervention in the economy. (2 points) China: Rural areas should first carry out reforms and implement the household contract responsibility system; (2 points) The central link of urban economic system reform is to enhance the vitality of enterprises; (2 points) The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. (2 points)
(4) The total score of this question is 3 points. Candidates can score if they have one point.