The specific geographical environment has produced a specific way of life. Skiing began in northern Europe, where it was often in ice and snow, as early as 5000 years ago. Similar to other ice sports that originated in Europe, it evolved from primitive hunting and gradually became a mode of transportation, which was popular in northern Europe. The earliest snowboards that can be seen today are now kept in Oslo, Norway, the "ski capital", where some snowboards 1500 years ago are displayed. With the further popularization of skiing, the Nordic people are no longer satisfied with competing in the snowfield only on the flat ground, and their interest has shifted from cross-country speed skating on the flat ground to alpine jungle with complex terrain.
Sir Arnold Luen of Britain and Heinz Schneider of Austria invented the modern alpine skiing competition. 1922, Luen organized the earliest alpine skiing competition in the history in Mullen, Switzerland.
Alpine skiing started from 1936, when there were only two events: downhill and slalom. Starting from 1952, alpine skiing has been fixed into three events: rotary descent, rotary descent and rapid descent. Its line length, height difference and the number of inspection doors are not fixed, and it has gradually developed into the current top ten competitions.
Austria has always been the largest alpine skier in the Winter Olympics, with a total of 77 medals.
Alpine skiing is mainly divided into speed series and technical series.
The speed series is divided into downhill and super giant slalom. In the competition, the ranking is decided according to the result of a slide. Downhill has the largest drop and the longest distance, and the maximum speed is 130 km. The super giant slalom is a bit slow due to the large number of flag gates.
The technical series is divided into giant slalom and giant slalom. The ranking is calculated by the sum of the two results. The distance of giant slewing is more than twice that of slewing, which requires speed and technology. The number of rotating flag gates for men is 55 to 75, and that for women is 45 to 65.
Originated from the Alps in northern Europe, it is also called alpine skiing. Alpine skiing is gradually formed on the basis of cross-country skiing. 1850, the rotation action of changing direction and stopping taxiing occurred in Telemark County, Norway. From 65438 to 0868, Nordheim, the founder of Norwegian skiing, and others performed sideslip and S-shaped rapid descent techniques at the Oslo skiing conference. 1890, Austrian Matthias Darski invented short snowboarding and gliding technology suitable for the characteristics of Alps. 1905, he performed the first slalom in the history of alpine skiing in Lilienfeld, south of Vienna. 1907, the alpine skiing club was established in Britain, which is the first alpine skiing organization in the world. 19 10, Austrian colonel Georg Bilgeri organized an alpine ski school with military nature, and he was the first to quickly descend with two sticks in a squat posture and brake to turn. 192 1 year, Arnold Lunn of Britain organized the first slalom and downhill skiing competition in the history of alpine skiing in Switzerland. 1922, Hannas Schneider of Austria founded the Alpine Skiing School. The World Alpine Skiing Championships will be held in 193 1. Since 1936, it has been listed as an event in the Winter Olympics. Athletes hold ski pole, pedal skis and turn and descend quickly from high slopes. The vertical height difference between the starting point and the end point of different events is also different: 800 ~ 1 100 m for men and 500 ~ 800 m for women; Male 180 ~ 220m, female140 ~ 200 m; The giant slalom is 250-450m for men and 250-400m for women; Super slalom is 500-650m for men and 400-600m for women. Each event is limited to 4 people per association. The competition starts with a single player and is arranged by drawing lots in sequence. At present, the Winter Olympics includes men's and women's all-around (included in 1936), downhill (included in 1948), slalom (included in 1952) and super slalom (included in/kloc-0)
Alpine skiing is an official event in the Winter Olympics. Because it originated in the Alps, it is also called "alpine project" or "alpine skiing".
Alpine skiing is mainly divided into speed series and technical series.
The speed series is divided into downhill and super giant slalom. In the competition, the ranking is decided according to the result of a slide. Downhill has the largest drop and the longest distance, and the maximum speed is 130 km. The super giant slalom is a bit slow due to the large number of flag gates.
The technical series is divided into giant slalom and giant slalom. The ranking is calculated by the sum of the two results. The distance of giant slewing is more than twice that of slewing, which requires speed and technology. The number of rotating flag gates for men is 55 to 75, and that for women is 45 to 65.
In addition, there are downhill and slewing events in alpine skiing.
Alpine skiing competitions are held in mountainous areas above 1000 meters. The vertical height of the starting point and the ending point is required to be 800- 1000 meters.
Downhill (also known as downhill) requires athletes to slide down from the top of the mountain through the gate with flags in accordance with the prescribed route. This is a racing skiing event. The length of the line is more than 2,000 meters, the slope is 5-35 degrees, with an average of 20 degrees, and the height from the starting point to the end point is 500-700 meters for men. A certain number of flagpoles are inserted on both sides of the line as various gate shapes. Red flags are inserted in men's competitions and red and blue flags are inserted in women's competitions. The distance between flag gates is 4-8 meters, and the distance between upper and lower flag gates is generally about 30 meters. Two downhill times to calculate the score and decide the ranking. Technical actions include straight downhill, inclined downhill, B-type downhill, wave downhill, plow downhill and semi-plow downhill. Body posture can be divided into three types: high, medium and low.
Spinning skiing is a kind of racing skiing competition, which requires athletes to go through doors and obstacles, turn continuously and slide down at high speed when sliding down the mountain. The length of the race line is 600-700 meters for men and 400-500 meters for women, and the section with a slope of more than 30 degrees accounts for a quarter of the whole race. Height difference is male 140-200m and female 120- 180m. There are 55-75 men's lines and 45-60 women's lines. In the competition, when turning at high speed through various doors on the line, you need to cross the door with two feet. Knocking down the flagpole is not a foul, but it is a foul if you miss the door or ride the pole over the door, regardless of the score. Each of the two roads slides once, ranking according to the sum of the two achievements. If you foul for the first time, you can't skate for the second time. You can look at the route from top to bottom before the game, but you can't slide or cross the door from top to bottom with skis.
Giant slalom is one of the alpine skiing events. Athletes should quickly turn down the road from the mountain and go through gates of various shapes. The length of men's track is 1500-2000m, and the length of women's track exceeds 1000m. The altitude difference between men and women is 300-400 meters and 250-350 meters. The slope is 15-32 degrees. Calculate the score with the time of two taxies. The design turning speed of the giant slalom is15-20m/s. Before the competition, athletes are allowed to look at the route from top to bottom, but they cannot ski from bottom to top.
This sport is a combination of speed and skill. Athletes hover in the process of sliding, which is very exciting, so it is very popular with the audience.
Snowboarding originated in the United States in the 1960s. At that time, people tied two snowboards together and created a new kind of snowboard, which was a bit like "surfing on the snow" with two feet on one board.
Snowboarding appeared in the early 1980s and was originally considered as an alternative way of skiing. However, after less than 20 years of development, snowboarding is popular all over the world with its unique excitement and beauty, and millions of skateboarders in Europe and North America are crazy about it every year.
Now, snowboarding, which once belonged to the field of extreme sports, has long been the mainstream sports and leisure project for young people, and even has become the official competition of the Winter Olympics. From 65438 to 0994, snowboarding was officially included in the Winter Olympics. Even investors with deep pockets in ski resorts have begun to set up "snowboard parks" in ski resorts to cater to skiers' various difficult movements. ...
Snowboarding in the Winter Olympics currently includes men's and women's U-shaped field snow skills, men's and women's four-person chase, and men's and women's double parallel gyrations.
Athletes should make all kinds of difficult moves in the downward route composed of three snow packs, 12 iron and iron box and a u-shaped groove, and finally score according to the difficulty and pattern.