The causes of amblyopia can be divided into the following aspects:
1. Strabismus amblyopia: When one eye is strabismus, the macular function of the strabismus eye is suppressed for a long time, resulting in amblyopia.
2. Anisotropic amblyopia: Due to the large anisometropia of both eyes, amblyopia gradually appears in eyes with severe ametropia.
3. Form deprivation amblyopia: In infancy, due to congenital cataract or ptosis, the pupil is blocked, resulting in poor visual development and amblyopia.
4. Congenital amblyopia: The pathogenesis is still unclear. It may be that at birth, small bleeding lesions appeared in the retina and other places, which affected the normal development of visual function.
5. ametropic amblyopia: mostly bilateral, occurring in people with high ametropia who do not wear corrective glasses. And it is more common in hypermetropia ametropia. Without special treatment, you can gradually improve your eyesight by wearing appropriate glasses.
The diagnostic methods of amblyopia are visual examination and fundus examination. The most accurate and reliable examination method is to use visual evoked potentials or evoked responses.
The difference between amblyopia and myopia lies in correcting vision through accurate optometry. It is myopia that can reach 1.0, and amblyopia that cannot be corrected.
Amblyopia can be divided into central fixation and paracentral fixation, and different fixation methods are different. At present, the central attention to amblyopia advocates covering healthy eyes and training amblyopia eyes. Let patients do some fine vision work with amblyopia eyes, such as tracing pictures and piercing needles. However, attention should be paid to covering the healthy eyes for too long, because amblyopia will also occur if the healthy eyes are covered for too long. Alternate covering method can also be used to train the function of amblyopia eyes, that is, amblyopia eyes and healthy eyes are alternately covered. The treatment of paracentral fixation amblyopia includes afterimage, red filter film, inhibition and visual stimulator. These must be treated under the guidance of a doctor. It should be emphasized that the treatment should start from an early age, because the function of macular area can still be restored after correct treatment when it is young. /kloc-it is difficult to return to normal after 0/2 years old. In addition, amblyopia caused by different causes has different consequences. Strabismus, anisometropia and ametropic amblyopia will have good consequences if they are treated in time or corrected. But the consequences of form deprivation and congenital amblyopia are more serious.
(Liu Jiaoshou, Shanghai Medical University)
What is amblyopia?
There is no organic lesion in the eyeball, and the far vision mainly caused by functional factors is lower than 0.9, and the corrected vision is abnormal; Or have organic changes and refractive abnormalities, but low vision and naked vision that are not suitable for their own lesions are called amblyopia. Amblyopia can be divided into mild amblyopia (visual acuity 0.8 ~ 0.6), moderate amblyopia (visual acuity 0.5 ~ 0.2) and severe amblyopia (visual acuity less than or equal to 0. 1). Amblyopia can occur in the process of visual development, mostly starting at 1 ~ 2 years old. The earlier amblyopia occurs, the more serious it is.
What's the difference between amblyopia and myopia?
Amblyopia and myopia are not a disease at all. Myopia is an eye disease with long axial length caused by excessive tension of accommodation muscles and ciliary muscles or genetic reasons. Myopia can be corrected to normal after wearing glasses, while amblyopia is an eye disease with developmental retardation and visual dysfunction, often accompanied by strabismus and high refractive error, and vision cannot be corrected to normal after wearing glasses. There are essential differences between these two diseases.
Amblyopia is much more harmful to children's visual function than myopia. Because myopia is only the decline of vision during hyperopia, it is not accompanied by other visual function damage, and vision correction is not limited by age; However, amblyopic children not only have poor eyesight and can't be corrected, but may not have binocular and monocular functions and stereoscopic vision, and they will not be competent for driving, surveying and mapping and fine work in the future, which will not only affect their work prospects, but also directly affect the quality of our population.
What are the causes of amblyopia? What are the types of amblyopia? How is the effect?
There are many reasons for amblyopia, which can be summarized as: strabismus, hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, congenital cataract, severe ptosis, congenital dysplasia of visual center and optic nerve.
Amblyopia can be classified in many ways, which can be divided into:
Strabismus amblyopia: the patient has strabismus or had strabismus, accompanied by amblyopia, but there is no fundus abnormality. At present, it is believed that this is because diplopia and visual impairment caused by strabismus make patients feel extremely uncomfortable. The visual cortex of the brain actively inhibits the visual impulse from strabismus macula, and the macula function of this eye is suppressed for a long time, resulting in amblyopia. This kind of amblyopia is the result of strabismus, which is secondary and functional, so it is reversible and has a good prognosis. However, occasionally a few primary patients have no obvious improvement in visual function even under active treatment.
Anisotropic amblyopia: Because the clarity of the object image formed by the macula of both eyes is unequal, even if the ametropia is corrected, the size of the object image caused by ametropia is still unequal, which makes it difficult or impossible to combine the object images of both eyes into one. The visual cortex center can only inhibit the object image of larger eyes with ametropia, and amblyopia will appear after a long time. This amblyopia is also functional, so it is reversible.
Form deprivation amblyopia: In infancy, due to corneal opacity, congenital cataract, or ptosis blocking the pupil, light stimulation can not fully enter the eyeball, depriving the macula of the opportunity to receive normal light stimulation, leading to dysfunction and amblyopia.
Congenital amblyopia: the pathogenesis is not clear. Von Noorden speculated that newborns often have retinal or visual pathway bleeding, which may affect the normal development of visual function. Some congenital amblyopia is secondary to nystagmus.
Ametropic amblyopia: Most of them are bilateral, and they are common in patients with high ametropia who don't wear corrective glasses. Their binocular vision is equal or similar, and ametropic amblyopia is more common in hyperopia. This kind of amblyopia will not cause macular function inhibition, because binocular vision is similar, and there is no obstacle to the fusion of binocular objects and images. Therefore, after wearing proper corrective glasses, vision can be gradually improved, without special treatment, but it takes a long time.
On the surface, the above five kinds are amblyopia, but there are essential differences in pathogenesis. Strabismus and anisometropic amblyopia have the same light stimulation to both eyes, and the macula of both eyes participates in the occurrence and development of visual function, so the prognosis is good. Form deprivation amblyopia is amblyopia caused by insufficient light stimulation to retina and insufficient participation in visual function development in infancy, which not only has low vision, but also has a poor prognosis. The consequences of monocular disorder are more serious than binocular disorder. Therefore, infants and young children should pay attention when covering their eyes due to eye diseases to avoid the formation of deprivation amblyopia (especially children within 6 months).
To sum up, the prognosis of congenital and form deprivation amblyopia is poor. The prognosis of ametropia, strabismus and anisometropic amblyopia is good, and the key lies in early detection and timely and correct treatment. Most of the vision can be improved, and the possibility of obtaining normal vision is quite high.
How to find amblyopia early?
Pre-school physical examination: Most children, especially those who grew up in kindergarten, can recognize the eye chart after simple vision teaching at the age of 3. Conditional kindergartens should conduct a general survey and screening of children's vision once a year. Parents can also buy a standard eye chart and hang it on a well-lit wall for children to identify within 5 meters. Be sure to blindfold your eyes separately and don't look at both eyes at the same time to prevent monocular amblyopia from being missed. Check it carefully several times. If the vision of one eye is lower than 0.8 for many times, you need to take the child to the hospital for further examination. It is generally believed that the examination is best not later than 4 years old.
Early detection of abnormal signs. In addition to poor eyesight, children with amblyopia often have other manifestations, such as strabismus, squint, squinting or sticking close to each other. Once the child is found to have strabismus, he should go to the hospital for eye examination and diagnosis as soon as possible, because about 1/2 strabismus is accompanied by amblyopia. The above-mentioned other abnormal phenomena should also be taken seriously. You must go to the hospital for eye examination to see if it is caused by eye diseases.
In addition, for infants who can't cooperate to check their eyesight, we can do a covering test to get a general understanding of binocular vision: intentionally cover one eye and let the child see with one eye. If it is quiet and covers the other eye, they cry or scratch the cover, which shows that the covered eye has poor eyesight and should go to the hospital as soon as possible.
In short, the early detection of amblyopia mainly depends on the close cooperation of parents, kindergartens, schools and hospitals. The most important thing is that parents themselves get along with their children day and night.
Can amblyopia be cured? What age is the best treatment period?
The factors that may affect the prognosis recorded in the literature are: family history (amblyopia or/and strabismus), infant diseases, amblyopia types, original vision, refraction, strabismus types and degrees, age of first diagnosis, and fixation nature. Clinical verification shows that the original vision (the lighter the amblyopia, the higher the curative effect) and the fixation nature of amblyopia are related to the above factors, among which the curative effect of amblyopia treatment is closely related to age, and the younger the age, the better the therapeutic effect, and the hopeless adult treatment. This is because children's visual function is unstable in the process of visual development, which is easy to cause amblyopia and return to normal. /kloc-after 0/3 years old, the visual function of ordinary children has been fully developed. After further treatment at this age, it is not easy to improve their eyesight, let alone establish fine stereoscopic vision.
Therefore, the best period of amblyopia treatment is between 1 ~ 5 years of visual development. Moreover, the treatment of amblyopia is not overnight, but a protracted war. Preschool children have more time to cooperate with treatment. After school, some treatments will be affected by study, which often brings difficulties to the treatment and affects the curative effect.
Why do we have to use mydriasis optometry to check amblyopia?
The examination of amblyopia, like strabismus, also needs mydriasis optometry, which is also the basic examination method. The reason is the same as children's strabismus. The purpose is to accurately test the actual refractive power. Only in this way can we judge whether there is amblyopia and match appropriate glasses. Wearing appropriate glasses is also an important condition related to the therapeutic effect of amblyopia.
As mentioned above, atropine eye ointment (water) is used for children under 13 years old with strong adjustment ability, and other mydriatic drugs are not suitable for amblyopic children. During atropine mydriasis, some children may have facial redness or even a low fever, which is a normal reaction. You don't have to stop taking medicine halfway, you can stop taking medicine after mydriasis optometry. If the reaction is too strong, it is atropine poisoning and needs to go to the hospital for treatment. Due to the fear of light caused by the increase of light entering the eyes after mydriasis, accommodation paralysis will cause blurred vision. These symptoms are temporary. Generally, the pupil can be restored within 15 ~ 20 days after drug withdrawal. Therefore, school-age children's mydriasis optometry time is best arranged in winter and summer vacations, so as not to affect their study.
What are the treatment methods for amblyopia?
There are many treatments for amblyopia, including covering therapy, inhibition therapy, grating therapy, afterimage therapy and red filter therapy, fine homework training and synoptophore training. Choose one or more methods according to different amblyopia types.
The most important method to treat monocular amblyopia is the traditional covering method, that is, covering children's eyes, which is divided into full covering and temporary covering. Anisotropic amblyopia should be completely corrected first, and then the ametropic eyes, whether hyperopia or myopia, should be covered. Form deprivation amblyopia, such as unilateral cataract, should be removed first and then treated. The principle of optical drug suppression therapy is to use optics and drugs to weaken the vision of fixation eyes and promote the visual function of non-fixation eyes, which is more suitable for older school-age children who cannot receive occlusion treatment. Grating therapy (CAM therapy) is also called basic therapy of visual physiology. The visual cells in the human cerebral cortex respond actively to the stimulation of strong contrast and high spatial frequency. People design a black-and-white grating disk, which has strong contrast and rotates in all directions to stimulate amblyopic eyes to improve their vision. This method has a good effect on central fixation. After-image therapy can be used for amblyopic children staring at the lateral center. After-image therapy takes a long time and is equipped with special equipment, which makes it difficult for children to cooperate. The treatment of near-cardiac fixation can also use red filter membrane, which is based on the sensitivity of fovea cells in the center of macula to red filter membrane. When in use, the fixed eye is covered, and a certain red filter film (wavelength 600 ~ 640 mm) is added in front of the non-fixed eye correction lens to promote the central gaze of the macula, thus improving the vision. It is still controversial to treat near-cardiac fixation by covering, but after other methods fail, covering the fixation eye to promote amblyopia and improve vision is still a common method.
In addition, fine homework training, fixation training, augmented vision therapy, binocular vision function training and synoptophore training (including simultaneous vision training and inhibition elimination training, image fusion training, stereoscopic vision training and treatment of abnormal retina correspondence) also play an important role in amblyopia treatment.
The commonly used drugs for treating amblyopia in clinic include vitamin B 1, vasodilators, strychnine nitrate, oxygen therapy, anabolic steroids and so on. Some people speculate that there is a certain relationship between inhibitory amblyopia and mood swings, and suggest trying hypnotherapy.
Up to now, in addition to the above-mentioned traditional methods for treating amblyopia, there are a new generation of He-Ne laser, CAM (high frequency contrast stimulator) and other phototherapy and electrotherapy. In drug treatment, it was first reported in 1990s that levodopa can improve amblyopia. At present, people are actively carrying out systematic and clinical research on pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of levodopa in the treatment of amblyopia. The role of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, ear pressure and other therapies in the treatment of amblyopia has been paid more and more attention by the medical community.
Why wear glasses to treat amblyopia?
As mentioned earlier, amblyopia is often accompanied by ametropia. It is necessary to check amblyopia and mydriasis optometry, so as to accurately check the actual diopter and match the appropriate glasses. Amblyopia can only be improved by training amblyopia on the basis of correcting ametropia with glasses, so that clear objects can repeatedly stimulate the retinal fixation center and improve visual sensitivity, so it is necessary to wear glasses to treat amblyopia.
What is masking therapy?
Covering therapy is a simple and basic method to treat amblyopia, and it is also recognized by experts at home and abroad as the most effective method to treat amblyopia. It can be used alone or in combination with other training. The specific method is to make a rectangular or oval eye patch with black cloth. Put an eye patch on the eyes that need to be covered, and then put on glasses. The purpose of covering therapy includes: covering the dominant eyes, compulsory use of amblyopia eyes, and giving amblyopia eyes separate fixation; Eliminate the inhibition of dominant eyes on amblyopia; Block the abnormal retinal correspondence of both eyes, readjust and establish the normal retinal correspondence of both eyes and the mutual coordination of both eyes, and strive to restore binocular visual function; Adjust the vision of both eyes to make them close to balance; Restrain the phenomenon of strabismus alternating fixation and train monocular fixation.
What is afterimage therapy?
After-image therapy is a common method to treat amblyopia. It is designed according to the principle that human retina can form afterimage after being irradiated by strong light, and the process of afterimage generation can eliminate the inhibition of macular area of fundus to varying degrees, thus improving vision. It has two functions: correcting eccentric gaze and improving vision.
The specific method is to mydriaze amblyopia eyes first, so that the fixed eyes can gaze at distant targets and ensure that the fixed eyes are fixed during treatment. If the eccentric fixation is obvious when the fovea is irradiated, the fixation target can be set in front of the fixation eye to keep the fixation eye as still as possible. Examiners in darkroom (semi-darkroom) irradiate amblyopia fundus with afterimage lens, so that the shadow of black spots falls on the fovea to protect the fovea, and irradiate with strong light (6V, 15W) for 20 ~ 30 seconds. If the fixation ability is poor or nystagmus exists, the posterior lens can follow the fovea for irradiation. After irradiation, cover the healthy eyes, let the child look at the cross mark drawn in the center of the white screen and ask the patient if there is afterimage. The duration of the afterimage? What is the relationship between afterimage and cross target?
The duration of afterimage can explain the degree of amblyopia. High amblyopia is difficult to produce afterimages, and even if it appears, it will soon disappear.
What is the treatment of depression?
The principle of suppression therapy is to suppress good eye vision, force amblyopia and promote the recovery of visual function by changing the degree of lens and mydriasis. Its theoretical basis is that when one eye is used to see near and the other eye is used to see far, there is no need to make compensatory changes to the visual function of both eyes because both eyes are used. If anisometropia is caused artificially, it is possible to prevent amblyopia and abnormal retina.
Can children with amblyopia take off their glasses?
This problem is also a common concern of parents of amblyopic children. In fact, most amblyopic children can take off their glasses when they grow up. This is because amblyopic children are considered to be more common in the future, and with the growth of amblyopic children's age, the development of eyeballs, the degree of hyperopia will gradually decrease, the degree of glasses will also decrease, and the vision will gradually return to normal, so they will take off their glasses. Of course, if the cured amblyopia children do not pay attention to eye hygiene in the development process, resulting in myopia, they need to wear myopia glasses.
There are also amblyopic children who need to wear glasses for life, which is only a minority. This kind of amblyopia is often accompanied by hyperopia above +6.00D and astigmatism above+2.00 d. Even with the growth of age, eyeball development can't make up for serious refractive abnormalities, and adults still need to wear glasses to correct their vision.
If amblyopia is treated in time in childhood, vision can be corrected. Although it is still necessary to wear glasses in adulthood, it is much better than those who were not corrected when they were young, but it is not worthy to wear glasses in adulthood.
What should amblyopia children pay attention to when wearing glasses?
When choosing glasses, you must have a mydriatic optometry. When choosing glasses in an optical shop, you should choose the right frame according to different pupil distances. After the glasses are complete, it is best to go to the hospital to check whether the glasses are in line with the prescription.
Glasses must be worn continuously after they are fully equipped. It is normal for amblyopia to wear glasses for the first time, and even wear glasses, but the vision will decline, especially for medium and high hyperopia glasses. Wearing glasses takes a period of adaptation. As long as you keep wearing glasses, your eyesight will definitely improve gradually.
Regularly re-mydriasis optometry and adjust the degree. Children with amblyopia are in the development stage, and the diopter of both eyes changes with age, so they can't always wear a pair of glasses. Generally, children under 3 years old will undergo mydriasis optometry once every six months, and children over 4 years old will undergo mydriasis optometry once a year. Whether to change the lens again is decided according to the change of diopter and the correction of amblyopia and strabismus.
What are the specific steps for the treatment of amblyopia in children?
The principle of amblyopia treatment is to treat amblyopia first and then strabismus. For congenital strabismus, strabismus should be corrected by surgery before amblyopia training. For amblyopia with high strabismus, amblyopia should be treated for a period of time, and strabismus should be corrected by surgery after partial vision improvement, and amblyopia should be treated after eye position correction.
How do parents cooperate in amblyopia treatment?
The treatment of amblyopia is not achieved overnight. In addition to the doctor's examination and guidance, children and parents also need to actively cooperate. Otherwise, it will not only get twice the result with half the effort, but also give up halfway.
The treatment of amblyopia can not be separated from the cooperation of parents. In the treatment, parents should do the following:
(1) Be sure to urge your child to wear it after glasses, and regularly review mydriasis optometry according to the doctor's advice.
(2) Some children don't want to insist on treatment or put on the blindfold in front of their parents, and then take it off behind them, leaving their parents completely unaware. This is also the reason why the efficacy is often not obvious. If this happens, it is necessary to patiently educate and persuade children to consciously adhere to treatment. In addition, it is necessary to contact teachers, ask them to do their children's work well, and urge children to insist on treatment.
(3) While wearing glasses and covering treatment, we must strengthen the training of fine work. Correct the wrong view that excessive use of eyes reduces vision. In fact, the more amblyopic eyes are used, the faster their eyesight will improve. In addition to urging children to finish training on time, parents can often change new forms and make or buy some auxiliary therapeutic devices themselves to improve their training interest.
(4) If optical drug suppression therapy is used, in addition to wearing glasses, atropine eye drops with prescribed concentration should be used on time according to the doctor's advice to dilate the pupils.
(5) Parents should take their children to the hospital for follow-up regularly according to the doctor's advice, and at the same time carry medical records about examination and treatment for doctors to judge the curative effect and adjust the treatment plan at any time. Generally, there is 1 visit every month. After the vision returns to normal for half a year, it still needs to be checked every month to prevent amblyopia from recurring. Later, it was changed to three months, half a year 1 time. Amblyopia will not be completely cured until the vision remains normal for 3 years.
What is the standard for curing amblyopia and how long is it effective?
According to the Chinese Medical Association, the Chinese Ophthalmology Association and the National Children's Amblyopia Prevention and Treatment Group (1987), the evaluation criteria for amblyopia treatment are as follows:
(1) invalid: including those whose eyesight has deteriorated, remained unchanged or improved only by one line;
(2) Progress: the vision is improved by two or more lines;
(3) Basic recovery: visual acuity recovered to ≥ 0.9;
(4) Healing: After 3 years of follow-up, the vision remained normal.
Note: If conditions permit, you can receive other visual function training at the same time to completely restore binocular monocular function.
At present, comprehensive therapy is used to treat amblyopia in China. The total cure rate is about 80%, and stereopsis is 8 1.07%.
The effective time of amblyopia treatment is closely related to amblyopia type, age, degree, treatment method and cooperation treatment degree. Under normal circumstances, if the treatment is ineffective for 6 months, it can be considered that the effect is not good.
According to the observation of Professor Meng Xiangcheng of Harbin Medical University, the estimation of treatment time is: (1) Central fixators will generally see the curative effect within 1 month after the start of treatment; Non-central fixation takes effect for about 2 months; Generally speaking, the shortest is 1 month and the longest is 1 year. About five months on average. Monocular hyperopia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia, generally within 3 months, the best vision can reach 50%.
Generally, children under 13 ~ 15 have good grades. Although amblyopia treatment is young and effective, for those children under the age of 15, don't give up treatment easily, and active treatment will also receive certain results.
How to prevent recurrence after amblyopia is cured?
In order to prevent amblyopia from recurring, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Masking therapy should be gradually relieved after vision returns to normal. First, it is open for 2 hours every day. 1 month later, the opening hours will be extended to 4 hours a day, then extended to 6 hours and 8 hours, until it is open all day or changed from full coverage to semi-coverage, so as to consolidate the curative effect. During the period of consolidating the curative effect, don't relax the fine work.
(2) Visual acuity should be rechecked 1 time in the first 6 months, and changed to 1 time in the last 3 and 6 months, until it is completely cured after 3 years of follow-up.
(3) If the vision of amblyopic eyes is found to be decreased, the healthy eyes can be covered again, and the amblyopic eyes can still be improved to the original level.
(4) Besides the treatment of strabismus and amblyopia, we should try our best to train binocular monocular function and image fusion. If you find that your vision is declining, you should resume afterimage therapy. After-image therapy should not be stopped suddenly, but should be stopped gradually by reducing the frequency and prolonging the interval. After stopping, you should often watch movies and TV, write fine print and amblyopia, or play painting games on the turntable with black and white lines. These simple methods can stimulate macular function and prevent degeneration.
How to choose the treatment for amblyopia Health Times 2002-06-116: 51:23
There are many ways to treat amblyopia in children, but no matter which one, it has indications and limitations. We should choose the appropriate method according to the nature of amblyopia. However, the treatment of amblyopia in children is long and expensive, so giving priority to family therapy is the most convenient and economical method, which can not only reduce the burden on parents, but also insist on treatment.
There are two common traditional methods:
(1) Covering therapy: Covering therapy is an ancient and effective treatment method for amblyopia, and it is one of the simplest, most economical and most effective methods for treating amblyopia in children.
① Strict monocular covering method: suitable for children with anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia. Such children often have good eyesight in one eye and poor eyesight in the other because of deep inhibition.
Methods: Black cloth blindfold was used to cover eyes tightly, and amblyopia was forced to see things, so that it was stimulated and exercised, gradually eliminating inhibition and improving vision. For amblyopic children under 3 years old, continuous covering for 3 days can release 1 day. Children over 3 years old can be covered for 3- 15 days and released for 1 day. In the course of treatment, we should check the visual changes of amblyopia eyes and review them every half month. At the same time, we should pay attention to the vision of healthy eyes to prevent the vision decline caused by covering.
② Alternating binocular covering method: suitable for ametropic amblyopia and monocular strabismus amblyopia. If the amblyopia eyes have equal vision, they can cover both eyes alternately in the same amount, and cover the left and right eyes for 3 days respectively; If the binocular vision is different, the method of 4∶l can be adopted according to the specific situation, that is, the eyes with good vision should be covered for 4 days first, and then the eyes with poor vision should be covered for 1 day, so that the eyes with poor vision can see more and exercise more, and their vision can be improved faster, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the balance of binocular vision.
③ Half-covering method: It is suitable for amblyopic children whose vision rises above 0.7. Artificial covering of healthy eyes with translucent plastic film can make the vision of healthy eyes lower than that of amblyopic eyes, and make amblyopic eyes have more opportunities to see, which is beneficial to the establishment and improvement of binocular visual function.
④ Short covering method: It is suitable for amblyopic eyes whose vision has returned to normal but still lower than that of healthy eyes. In order to consolidate the curative effect, you can cover your healthy eyes when you do homework or read a book, but not at ordinary times.
(2) Fine vision training: it is a special application exercise for amblyopic eyes, which is conducive to visual development and improvement of vision. There are many fine vision training methods, which should be selected according to the age, intelligence and vision of amblyopic children. For example, if a red silk thread is used to thread a needle, the size of the needle can be determined according to vision. You can also practice embroidery, painting, painting, calligraphy and so on. Fine vision training must use amblyopic eyes, 1 time every day, 10 ~ 15 minutes each time. Fine vision training is an important link in the successful treatment of amblyopia in children. Parents should pay attention to this simple and easy training and make unremitting efforts.