The real reason why the British and French allied forces "burned Yuanmingyuan" was to destroy the evidence that they plundered China's historical relics and antiques.
According to historical records, in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the Opium War broke out, and the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing and occupied Yuanmingyuan. Wen Fengfu, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, threw himself into the sea. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan. 3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire raged for three days, leaving the Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town in ruins. Nearly 300 eunuchs, ladies-in-waiting and craftsmen in Anyou Palace were buried in the sea of fire, and this world-famous forest garden was reduced to ruins. This is the famous China shame "burning Yuanmingyuan" incident in history.
Yuanmingyuan is located in Haidian District, the western suburb of Beijing. Built in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, it consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty gave this park to Yong Zhengdi and named it Yuanmingyuan. After 150 years of history, it has concentrated a lot of manpower and material resources, organized countless skilled craftsmen, poured the blood and sweat of millions of working people, and carefully built it into a magnificent and beautiful detached palace. Every summer, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty came here to spend the summer, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace. The Yuanmingyuan, with its large scale, numerous cultural relics and high architectural specifications, reached the peak of ancient garden art in China. It is also the national museum of thousands of years' historical relics in China.
According to statistics, the number of looted Yuanmingyuan is about 6.5438+0.5 million, ranging from bronze ritual vessels in China in the pre-Qin period to famous paintings and calligraphy in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and all kinds of rare treasures. After the looting by the British and French allied forces, the evidence of looting was destroyed by fire, which made it impossible for China to count the number and whereabouts of cultural relics. This is the real intention of the British and French Coalition forces to burn the Yuanmingyuan.
After plundering the treasure, in order to cover up his heinous crimes, he did not hesitate to set fire to destroy the traces. I don't rule out the vicious psychopathy that I would rather destroy since I can't take it away.
Let's be clear here: Yuanmingyuan was burned twice: the Second Opium War 1860 and Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China 1900.
1860 British15,000 people, 7,000 French. Led by Er Jin and Ge Luo respectively, they looted and burned in Yuanmingyuan from June 6, 65438 to October 9, 65438/KLOC-0.
Robbery is what the French want to take the lead.
The fire was set by the British.
1900, Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, Austria and Russia, these eight robbers once again jointly robbed the Yuanmingyuan.
A total of 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of cultural relics were robbed and countless pieces were destroyed. In order to cover up their crimes, the Eight Thieves set fire to Yuanmingyuan again.
1 After the Yuanmingyuan was burned down, the Qing government planned to rebuild it, but after repairing part of it, it was found that the project was too huge and expensive, so no one cared.
After the Yuanmingyuan was robbed and burned for the second time, local warlords and ignorant civilians, like scavengers, dug up all the stones and mud in the Yuanmingyuan.
So the eight thieves in Yuanmingyuan were killed in partnership. But his body was divided up by local warlords and ignorant civilians.
Yuanmingyuan was built in 150 years after Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties. Murdered by British, French, American, Japanese, German, Italian, Austrian, Russian and local separatist warlords, ignorant civilians and the late Qing government.
In junior high school history textbooks, the history teacher who burned Yuanmingyuan didn't elaborate on it, and the textbooks were extremely incomplete, including the later film "Burning Yuanmingyuan", and some of them were inexplicably burned. So why did the British-French allied forces (whether British-French allied forces or Eight-Nation Alliance) burn the Yuanmingyuan? What is the real reason?
Later, a Frenchman who participated in the mission wrote a memoir, describing the scene at that time: we were trapped in a wooden prison, tied with hemp rope, exposed to the hot sun for several days, without water and food, and many people died suddenly in the high temperature.
The news spread to Britain and France, which shocked the whole country. The nationals of Britain and France thought that China people had violated international laws and regulations and universal values first, so Britain and France decided to retaliate by burning a palace at the cost of Yuanmingyuan.
Before the fire broke out, British special officials of the Qing Dynasty posted notices in Beijing, telling the time and place of the fire, which meant that China people would not go, but China people went anyway. The British and French allied forces are robbing, and the people of China are robbing themselves. Eunuchs and minions were not idle, and later grave robbers went in to steal, which gradually evolved into today's dilapidated scene.
The story is roughly like this. We can list the main reasons why the British and French allied forces burned down as follows:
Second: foreigners and missionaries are persecuted. In order to kill two birds with one stone, the imperial court used the feelings of the Boxer Rebellion to kill foreigners and missionaries everywhere. Ministers of various countries asked the Qing court to ban the Boxer Rebellion, but there was no response.
Third: the concession was attacked and the ambassador was killed. With the connivance of the Qing court, the Boxer Rebellion attacked the foreign embassy concessions. On behalf of all countries, German Ambassador Clinton went to the Prime Minister's yamen to ask for protection, and was ambushed and killed by the Qing army on the way, which became the fuse of the war. From then on, the Qing court was forced to declare war on eleven countries at the same time.
Fourth: Another important reason for burning Yuanmingyuan is to destroy the evidence of robbery.
Fifthly, it is most important to ignite the confidence of the people of China. In the Second Opium War, the British and French allied forces suffered a disastrous landing at Dagukou, Tianjin, which was unacceptable to the arrogant Britain and France. If they enter Beijing again, they won't go home empty-handed. They didn't choose to burn the Forbidden City, but the Yuanmingyuan. At that time, Yuanmingyuan was a garden of thousands of gardens under the world, representing all the rights, status and wealth of the feudal empire of the Qing Dynasty. China and France chose to burn this supreme Yuanmingyuan, which also burned the dignity of the Qing court and the confidence of the people and beat you out of the water.
Let me answer the question of boating in the long river of history.
In modern history, the pain of the Second Opium War may be the most unforgettable scene of the Qing rulers. For thousands of years, the most sacred imperial power in the eyes of China people has been mercilessly ridiculed by the West. The British and French Coalition forces entered Beijing, and thousands of troops could not guarantee the safety of Beijing. If the British and French allied forces enter the no-man's land, Xianfeng will flee to Jehol, leaving the heart of the country in the hands of the allied forces, which will bring a heavy impact to the central system of the whole country. For China at that time, especially for the literati, it was a great shame and disaster that had never been seen in history. "Sea insurrection, unknown since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a pirate police, and there was no balance between the sea countries, which directly committed Chixian County, China. " The war started in Guangdong and spread to Beijing. "The barbarian qi is approaching, and the police are counted overnight, and the people are confused. The people moving in the city are in an endless stream. All government officials are far away and ten rooms are empty. " The allies entered through Andingmen. "Defend the city, ... trying to defend the soldiers in our city. We will seize my artillery position, lift them to the gate and accept them in the trench." In addition, 46 statues of barbarians were built. In the past, the scene in Beijing was like a flood, with nothing left, which gave the people the most violent shock.
The British and French allied forces threatened to shell Beijing and destroy the palace; Then he rushed into the Yuanmingyuan, a royal garden that has been operating for more than 50 years, integrated the achievements of Chinese and Western architectural art, and gathered ancient and modern art treasures and ancient classics. First, he plundered it and then set it on fire. They claimed that "it was the emperor's favorite residence, and destroying it was not only a fatal blow to his feelings, but also a heavy blow to his arrogance." "It is necessary for us to leave a permanent mark nearby to show our treachery and cruel indignation towards the Qing government and to warn the future. This is the real reason for burning Yuanmingyuan. " Yuanmingyuan was burned down. "This huge empire suddenly capsized in its own ashes ... This seems to be just a sign, and it may not come true, because China still has time to turn over a new leaf and learn from them how to maintain the stability of its subjects in the current crisis and catch up with the pace of historical progress."
The first is to cover up and destroy the robbery certificate. At that time, the British and French allied forces, like robbers, blatantly robbed Yuanmingyuan in broad daylight. They looted all the treasures that they could take away in Yuanmingyuan. Burning the Yuanmingyuan can not only cover up your own banditry, but also give the outside world a statement. It was in order to cover up and destroy the robbery evidence that they chose to burn Yuanmingyuan.
Secondly, it is to force the Qing dynasty to sign the contract quickly. War is a means, not an end. They started the war for some political and economic purposes. War is just a means for them to achieve their goals. Burning Yuanmingyuan can deter the rulers of Qing Dynasty, break their psychological defense and let them sign the contract as soon as possible.
Finally, I want to kill with one blow and end the war as soon as possible. At that time, the British and French Coalition forces were few in number and far from home. At first, the Qing government may not be able to respond. However, as long as the Qing government changed its mind and spared no effort to strangle them, even if it was severe, it would be mired in a quagmire, or even wiped out by the whole army. Therefore, it is better to bring new victories, set a fire again, show their toughness, make the Qing government more afraid, benefit themselves, and quickly end the war and get away with it.
Under the coercion and inducement of Britain and France, Xianfeng's younger brother and Prince Gong stayed in Beijing from 1860 to 10. Forced to exchange the ratification documents of Tianjin Treaty with Britain and France, signed the Beijing Treaty with Britain and France, recognized the Tianjin Treaty as fully effective, opened Tianjin as a commercial port, allowed Britain and France to recruit Chinese workers to go abroad, and ceded Kowloon Division to Hong Kong and Britain, etc., which made western powers grab a series of new privileges from China. When the news reached the provinces, the whole country was shocked. Zeng Guofan, who is fighting the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, "received the news from Prince Gong and learned that Luan Yu had been out on tour in Jehol. The atmosphere was only 20 miles from the capital, and he wept for it. I don't know what to do. " His fear and confusion are enough to describe the general mentality of the whole country under this impact, so people sadly call it "the change of Geng Shen"
Thank you for your concern. This question is quite interesting. Why do you say that?
Because it reminds me of Eason Chan's song "Red Rose", in which there is a lyric that says: "What you can't get is always in turmoil ..." Doesn't this scene just correspond to the ugly face of the British and French allied forces "If you can't get it, you will be destroyed"?
Speaking of the incident that "the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan", I can't help but think of the film The Godfather. This is a gangster film directed by francis ford coppola and starring Marlon Brando and Al Pacino. The film is adapted from mario puzo's novel of the same name and tells the development of a gangster family headed by Vito Don Coleon. The film won the 45th Oscar for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay with 1973.
This film mainly tells the story of the Corleone family. Under the leadership of the old godfather Vito Corleone, the youngest son, Mike, went through all kinds of hardships and finally grew up to be the godfather. As for the old godfather Vito Corleone, when he was a child, his father was killed by the local mafia leader Don Qiao Qi. Under the cover of his mother, after all kinds of difficult struggles, he was able to escape to the United States and become the godfather.
And Vito's story shows that "mowing grass should be uprooted, otherwise there will be endless troubles." This is the same as "the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan". Since they robbed like bandits, why didn't they "be good people to the end" and set them on fire?
After all, such behavior is "short-sighted". After all, the way to obtain material resources by looting cannot last long, because the building of "integrity" and "civilization" has been built, and violations will eventually be punished!
Covering up the crime is not reliable. These two robbers have robbed for so many years, how can they care what others think? They burned Yuanmingyuan to tell the left-behind staff of the Qing government that they would not agree to all the conditions, and then they would burn the Forbidden City!
When the Qing dynasty was weak, it was the time when the powers plundered. The British and French allied forces looted and burned Yuanmingyuan, which happened during the Second Opium War. 1860, 10 On June 6, the British and French allied forces attacked Yuanmingyuan in the northwest suburb of Beijing, and the next day they broke into Yuanmingyuan. This treasure house, which was run by the Manchu royal family for more than 50 years, has countless treasures. At that time, it blinded the robbers' glasses and then began a large-scale robbery.
So far, we can't count how many treasures have been stolen, but we can see them from the collections of British Museum, Louvre, Ji Mei Museum, White Deer Palace in Feng Dan and so on. At least nearly100000 treasures with artistic and archaeological value fell into the hands of robbers, not counting the items robbed by British and French allied soldiers. The specific figures cannot be counted, but they are absolutely astronomical.
According to the robber's habit, it is natural to set fire to rob. When they robbed everything they could and smashed everything they couldn't, in order to force the Qing government to compromise as soon as possible and cover up their robbery crimes, the British and French allied forces sent 3,500 soldiers to set fire everywhere in June 5438 +654381October+August, and the Yuanmingyuan began to be devastated. A large number of books and materials and all pavilions were set on fire, and hundreds of eunuchs and maids died in the fire.
The British commander said shamelessly: This move (burning Yuanmingyuan) will alert and shock China and Europe, and its effect is far beyond the imagination of people thousands of miles away. Although this is shameless, it also shows that the main purpose of the British and French Coalition forces to burn Yuanmingyuan is to shock the Qing government and make it compromise in fear.
Sure enough, when the Yuanmingyuan caught fire, the left-behind Prince Gong wholeheartedly agreed to all the conditions of the British and French allied forces and all the conditions of the invaders, and soon signed the Beijing Treaty.
If you fall behind, you will be beaten! We are not ashamed of the robbers' evil behavior, but in the final analysis, we are still ignorant and incompetent in Manchu. It's better to strive for self-improvement than to complain about others! Qin Huang is in Hanwu, who dares to rob him? If only they hadn't robbed others!
Ever heard of murder and arson? In history, the nature of burning Yuanmingyuan by western powers is basically the same as that of killing and arson, and it is completely destroying criminal evidence. When the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, they were blinded by the majestic Yuanmingyuan. After the surprise, the British and French Coalition forces began to rob soldiers. After the British and French allied forces looted Yuanmingyuan, they also knew that looting would make them criticized. Therefore, in order to cover up the robbery, the British leader Erjin, with the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned to cover up the truth. The Yuanmingyuan fire burned for three days, and Yuanmingyuan, one of the treasures and artistic wonders in human history, was destroyed. The burning of Yuanmingyuan by the British and French allied forces is also considered to be the most cruel atrocity in the history of world civilization.
Why did the burning of Yuanmingyuan happen? This has to start with the backward and decadent Manchu dynasty and the expansion and plunder of western powers. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Dynasty was seriously behind other countries in the world, especially for the western countries, it was just a fish stuck on the chessboard, so the western countries led by Britain began to plunder the Manchu Dynasty. Britain tried to plunder the Qing Dynasty economically by various means, but in fact, the trade between Britain and Qing Dynasty was always dominated by the deficit between Qing Dynasty and Britain. So the angry British simply decided to plunder Manchu with opium and force. The opium war broke out between the two sides.
After the First Opium War, the western capitalist powers forced the Qing government to sign the first batch of unequal treaties, and seized many privileges from China, such as reparations, agreed tariffs, opening five-port trade, consular jurisdiction, and one-sided MFN treatment. The British took the opportunity to start dumping a large amount of domestic excess capacity to China. After tasting the sweetness, Britain and other western powers began to oppress the Manchu government more unscrupulously. After being rejected, Britain and other western powers launched the Second Opium War. Of course, you don't have to think about the ending. The decadent Manchu dynasty was once again defeated by Britain and other western powers.
Robert McGee, a British priest, wrote in a tone of no guilt, "No one left, no house left, leaving no traces of the palace here." Now, let's go back to Beijing. We're done. "It can be seen how shameless British slave traders and robbers with ties are. In addition, at that time, 300 eunuchs, maids and craftsmen of Yuanmingyuan were burned alive in Anyou Palace. This is also because the British and French Coalition forces want to destroy the evidence. This shows how hateful the slave traders in Britain are.
1In the spring of 860, Grant and Montoban led the British and French fleets to assemble in Shanghai respectively, and then they started their third trip to the north. On April 2 1 day, the allied forces occupied Zhoushan. On May 27th, British troops occupied Dalian, and on June 8th, French troops occupied Yantai and blocked Bohai Bay. On July 19, the Allies completed the final preparations for attacking Dagukou. On July 26th, the British and French fleets assembled in Bohai Bay and headed for Beitang. On July 29, British and French reinforcements attacked on a large scale, landed from Beitang and attacked Dagukou Fort in a roundabout way. After defeating the Qing army in Dagukou, he went north to occupy Tianjin.
On August 23rd, Gui Liang and Heng Qi, the imperial envoys sent by the Qing Dynasty, made peace with the allied representatives, but the peace talks failed due to the problem of troops stationed in Beijing. After Hengqi left Tianjin, all Qing government officials in Tianjin were evacuated, and Tianjin was managed by Chinese businessmen. On September 2nd, the Qing government sent Prince Yi and Minister of War to make peace in Nanzhangjiawan, Tongzhou. The main condition for Britain and France to propose a truce is to compensate for military expenses and pay the two countries three or four million and two million in cash first; After the retreat of Tongzhou defenders, the envoys of the two countries each brought thousands of people to Beijing to exchange contracts, and Parkes accompanied dozens of people into Beijing first to inspect the houses along the way and in Beijing. Increase Tianjin as a trading port and immediately open the market for trade.
Emperor Xianfeng felt that the terms of the armistice were too harsh, and that the minister's coming to Beijing was "mercenary and unpredictable", so he ordered Gui Liang and others to "break off diplomatic relations" and rejected the demands made by Britain and France. On September 6th, Emperor Xianfeng issued an imperial edict, declaring war on Britain and France, including the military department and Wang, Mianyu, Duan Hua, etc. "Minister Yan Zhi unified the army, reorganized the model law (brigade) and mobilized all the troops" Ma bu "or horse stance just look to fight it." On September 10, more than 3,000 allied troops marched from Tianjin to Tongzhou.
Emperor Xianfeng learned that the British and French envoys were determined to go to Tongzhou, and his determination to "decisive battle" began to waver again. He sent Prince Yi and the Minister of War to replace him as imperial envoys, and went from Tongzhou to Tianjin to continue negotiations with Britain and France in an attempt to save the Fu Bureau. The two sides held talks in Tongzhou. In addition to adhering to the original conditions, Parkes also added requirements such as personally meeting the emperor and submitting credentials when exchanging peace treaties, and completely withdrawing the Qing army from Zhangjiawan. Due to the dispute between the two sides, the negotiation broke down completely on 17.
Parkes then rode away. Monk Qin then intercepted 39 people (26 British, 13 French), including Parkes, Luo Henry and soldiers. On September 18, the allied vanguard troops crossed the horse's head from Hexi Affairs and advanced near Zhangjiawan. Emperor Xianfeng once again ordered a decisive battle with Britain and France. Senggelinqin led the "ma bu" or horse stance just look army to wait in Tongzhou. At the same time, the vanguard of the Coalition forces fought with the Qing army in Zhangjiawan, and the Qing army retreated to Bali Bridge.
Subsequently, the British and French allied forces fought a decisive battle with the main forces of the Qing army in North China, including the Sanglinqin Field Cavalry of Horqin Department, the Eight Banners Chahar and Soren Department, the Eight Banners of the Han Army transferred from Gansu and Shaanxi, the green camp of Tongzhou Baliqiao and the Eight Banners of Beijing and Tianjin. Sanglin Qin's army was completely annihilated, and was seriously injured in the battle to win the battle, losing ground one after another. Later, Emperor Xianfeng, Empress Dowager Guifei and others fled to chengde mountain resort in the name of inaugural in the north.
10 year 10 month 13 day, the allied forces invaded Beijing from Andingmen. The allied forces found that the Qing army abused many British and French envoys to death and decided to retaliate. Monk Qin and Rui Lin's soldiers retreated to Yuanmingyuan one after another, and the French army chased after Yuanmingyuan. The British and French allied forces rushed into Yuanmingyuan as planned, and the officers and men guarding the park were outnumbered. James hope grant, commander of the British army, authorized the British army to rob and destroy the park. 65438+ 10 65438+July, Allied Command officially ordered free looting in the park, and Allied soldiers plundered the treasures and furnishings in the park.
According to British officials' estimation afterwards, the value of cultural relics and treasures (gold, silver, precious stones, silks and satins, antique furnishings, etc.). ) The looted property amounted to 6 million pounds, as well as priceless rare books, pagodas, porcelain and furniture. Destroyed because they don't know their value or are inconvenient to handle. Parkes and his party were arrested by negotiators of the Qing court, including 39 people, more than 20 of whom were tortured to death. Earl Elgin VIII, the plenipotentiary of British negotiations, took revenge for this and ordered the garden to be set on fire on June+1October 65438+1October 8, 65438, to teach Xianfeng Emperor a lesson.
From June+1 October 65438 to October 65438+1 October 8, the British 1st1Infantry Division Mitchell Cavalry Corps 1st1Division set fires everywhere in the park, and sent teams to burn down nearby royal gardens such as Jingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Qingyi Garden and Changchun Garden. The Yuanmingyuan fire lasted for three days and nights, and more than 300 eunuchs and maids were buried in the fire.
French writer victor hugo once strongly condemned this incident, calling it "the victory of two robbers".
According to the "clear barnyard grass notes" records:
Xianfeng Gengshen On October 16th, the British and French allied forces arrived in Tianjin, and Wenzong lived in Fangyuan. When they heard the news of the enemy, they hurried to take their queen to Jehol. 19, the British went to the palace gate of Yuanmingyuan, and the Minister of Landscape Management Wenfeng stopped talking. Only when the enemy soldiers had left did they know that the traitors would take advantage of the situation, guard those who had no guards, and throw their horses into Fuhai to die. The traitors set fire to the palace, looted it, followed by enemy soldiers, and the fire did not go out for three days and nights.
The vernacular meaning of this passage is:
On October 16, the year of Xianfeng Gengshen, the British and French allied forces arrived in Tianjin, and Qing Wenzong was living in Yuanmingyuan. When he heard that the enemy had arrived in Tongzhou, he quickly fled to Jehol with his concubine. /kloc-On October 9th, when the British arrived at Yuanmingyuan, Wen Feng, the minister in charge of gardens, stood at the door to persuade them to stop. After the enemy retreated, Wenfeng knew that the traitor must take advantage of the chaos to make trouble, and all the guards in the garden ran away. There was no one around, so I led my horse back to the garden and threw myself into Fuhai. Later, traitors set fire to the palace and robbed it, and enemy soldiers also robbed it in the garden. The fire burned for three days and nights.
Judging from this passage of Tsui Hark, it was not the British and French allied forces that burned Yuanmingyuan, but the traitors.
At that time, the minister in charge of Yuanmingyuan committed suicide, leaving the park unguarded. These traitors took advantage of the chaos to rob the garden and then set it on fire. Later, the British also took off their masks and followed suit to grab the garden.
For a long time, the people have always believed that Gong Xiaohong, the son of Gong Zizhen, led the way and set fire at that time, and robbed the British and French Coalition forces.
I'm afraid it's not entirely true.
Gong is only the secretary of Wade, the British consul in Shanghai, and has lived in Jiangsu and Zhejiang for a long time. When the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing, as Wade's secretary, they accompanied him to the north.
If Gong is responsible for leading the way for the allied forces, it is impossible for him not to be familiar with Beijing. But what is certain is that Gong accompanied Wade to Yuanmingyuan with the British army, because later he accompanied Wade as an interpreter to participate in the negotiations with the Qing government, during which he helped the British side to make things difficult for the representatives of the Qing government and had a fierce dispute with Prince Gong.
Tsui Hark's account clearly shows two problems:
First of all, it was the traitor who set the fire.
Second, it was the British who robbed the garden, but the French did not participate.
At the same time, another Changshu Yang Qi recorded the Yuanmingyuan fire in Tanqing Biography:
"The traitor Li led all the troops to rob the Yuanmingyuan, and the pearls and jade were exhausted ... The imperial court heard that the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed, which caused Li to go to prison because of poor governance, and fined his property to give to Wenfeng's family."
During Guangxu period, Xie Yang worked as a doctor in the General Affairs Office, the Ministry of Household Affairs and the Ministry of Postal Affairs of Zhanshifu, and his account was the closest to the truth.
It can be seen that it was not the palace that led the way to rob, but this traitor named Li, who was later punished by the court and paid the confiscation fee to Wen Fenggu.
If Gong is involved in arson and robbery, I'm afraid the court will not let his family go afterwards.
No domestic thief can't attract foreign ghosts. At that time, Li was not the only one who robbed and set fire to the garden. Maybe the residents in the nearby area are more or less involved.
But in any case, the culprit is the British-French Coalition forces, and in the major cases of this century, the British are the culprit.