There are various types of landforms, and eight common landforms are: loess landform, karst landform, Danxia landform, Ya Dan landform, sand dune landform, coastal landform, glacier landform and volcanic landform.
1. Loess landform: The loess landform is mainly eroded by flowing water, mainly manifested by broken surface, which seems to be full of holes.
2. Karst landform: also known as karst landform, it is mainly composed of dissolution, including mechanical erosion processes such as flowing water erosion, undercurrent and collapse. This effect and its phenomenon are collectively called karst.
3. Danxia landform: the general term for special landforms such as Fangshan, Qifeng, cliffs and stone pillars composed of extremely thick red sandstone and conglomerate. It is mainly developed in the horizontal or gently inclined red continental strata from Jurassic to Tertiary, with Danxia Mountain in Fujian, Guangdong as a typical example.
4. Ya Dan landform: a peculiar geographical landscape, called Ya Dan landform, with a series of long earth mounds extending intermittently and grooves distributed at intervals. Formed by strong directional wind erosion and ancient river erosion, Ya Dan landform is the most widely distributed in Xinjiang.
5. Dune landform: it is formed by wind accumulation, mainly including crescent dunes, dune chains, sand ridges and sand.
6. Coastal landforms: The general name of various landforms formed by the comprehensive action of tectonic movement, seawater dynamics, biological action and climate factors. There are mainly sea cliffs, sea pillars, sea caves and sea erosion surfaces.
7. Glacier landform: the surface morphology formed by glacial erosion and accumulation, such as ice bucket, tinder, valley, fjord, moraine lake, moraine mound, etc.
8. Volcanic landform: the mountain form formed by the eruption and accumulation of magma inside the crust.