The cultivation of grape seedlings has strong growth, high survival rate, high yield, strong disease resistance and high cold resistance, which are the basis for cultivating high-quality grape seedlings. Grape varieties have been improved. When the ground temperature rises to about 9℃, planting will begin from late February to early March, not later than mid-March. Don't be too early, otherwise it will increase the management trouble. If the grapes enter the bleeding stage too late, the seedlings will flow after injury, which will affect the survival.
Planting specifications. Grape seedlings are planted in the center line of planting ditch, and the spacing between plants depends on the frame. The plant spacing of double cross V-frame is about 1 m, that of single hedge frame is about 1.2 m, and that of shed frame is about 1.5 m. ..
When planting, first pull two lines on the center line of planting ditch, use small bamboo as spacing ruler, and open the pond after positioning. The pond is about 20 cm deep, but you can't reach the top layer of straw to prevent it from rotting. The bottom of the pond should be dug flat, not pointed. The size of the pond depends on the root system of the seedlings. When planting, the seedlings should be placed vertically in the pond, and the roots should be stretched and not distorted. Long roots can be cut, but not randomly. Roots should be evenly distributed in the pond, and seedlings should be straight from front to back and from left to right as in the past. After the seedlings are placed, fill in half of the soil first, then lift the seedlings up slightly, so that the roots of the seedlings can be closely combined with the filled soil, and then fill in the other half of the soil, which is practical. Water once after planting, it is best to use clear water manure, but the concentration should not be high to prevent root injury. Seedlings should be planted shallowly, especially grafted seedlings, and the rootstock should be exposed 5- 10 cm to prevent the scion from taking root. Choose sunny or cloudy planting. The soil is too wet for planting after the rain.
After the seedlings are planted, cover them with black plastic film to raise the ground temperature and promote the early growth of seedlings. After the plastic film is covered, make a hole in the seedlings to expose them.
It is best to treat seedlings with chemicals before planting (those that have been treated and disinfected do not need to be treated). Soaking the upper part (3-5 seconds) with Baume 5-degree lime-sulfur mixed solution and 0.5% sodium chloride mixed solution, and soaking the roots with clear water for 6-8 hours can improve the survival rate and seedling growth, which is suitable for planting in sandy land.
Grape green branch grafting seedling is a rootstock with strong cold resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, moisture resistance and drought resistance. In the growing season of spring and summer, the variety green branch technology is used as scion and rootstock for green branch grafting, and the seedlings obtained are called green branch grafted seedlings. The invention has the advantages of simple operation, easy material acquisition, high propagation coefficient, firm interface and long grafting time. Ordinary skilled workers can receive 400-600 wet wipes every day, and the survival rate is as high as 85%, which is very popular among the masses and has become the main method of raising seedlings in grape producing areas.
Matters needing attention in grape seedling cultivation 1. Selection of grape seedling garden. Choosing a garden is very important, and sandy loam and gravel soil are the best. It is forbidden to choose heavy acid and alkali plots, and it is forbidden to choose plots that are easy to accumulate water and difficult to drain. If there is only clay land in the local area, more soil and miscellaneous fertilizers can be applied to transform it by pressing sand.
Second, we should choose a good time to plant grape seedlings, preferably after autumn and before winter. Planting before winter, that is, after the seedlings used for planting are dormant, before the land is frozen, and after autumn, the sooner the better. Most of them will have new roots. When the new roots are born, the seedlings will undoubtedly live, which is almost equal to growing half a year ahead of schedule.
Many fruit friends hope that the survival rate of grape seedlings is higher when planting, so from personal experience and everyone's introduction, the survival rate of grape seedlings can be improved by the following methods.
Third, we should pay attention to the quality of grape seedlings during the primary election. The key is that the roots should be fresh, strong and strong. When introducing seedlings, no matter what varieties are introduced, we should pay attention to the quality of seedlings. Moldy, deteriorated and rotten products cannot be used. Fresh branches are carved with nails to remove the skin. If the skin is bright green, it is fresh.
The growth characteristics of grape seedlings refer to the seedling state of grapes. Grape seedlings are generally divided into cutting seedlings and grafting seedlings. Cutting seedling refers to cutting 15 cm to 20 cm from mature grape branches and cultivating them in sandy soil. After planting for a year, roots will grow on the roots, so that grapes can be planted. Grafting refers to pruning cutting seedlings on the basis of cutting seedlings, grafting two different varieties of grape seedlings together and planting them for more than one year. In other words, the cuttings grow for one year, the grafted seedlings grow for more than two years, and it will take three years to bear fruit.