This paper restores the true face of Duke Zhou in history from his resume, appearance, social relations and historical achievements, for your reference.
Brief calendar
Duke Zhou, formerly known as Ji Dan, also known as Shu Dan and Zhou Wengong, male, Han nationality, was born around 1080 BC. He is a Virgo chicken. Qishan, Shaanxi Province, the first prime minister of the Western Zhou Dynasty, is a famous "saint" in the history of China. He was loyal, helped young Zhou Chengwang, quelled the external rebellion, and established a system of laws and regulations internally. As far as his ideological achievements are concerned, he is regarded as the founder of Confucianism and the most revered ancient sage Confucius. In terms of cultural attainments, he wrote Duke Zhou, revised the Book of Changes and formulated Zhou Li, which laid the foundation for the development of Chinese civilization.
Appearance.
I can find a record about the appearance of Duke Zhou, that is, the portrait of Duke Zhou, which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. This picture was first taken from the Tri-color Edition of Wanli edited by Wang Qi in Ming Dynasty. The Duke of Zhou in the portrait is a modest old man with drooping hands, big ears, drooping shoulders, prominent cheekbones, eyes like peaches and eyes like fish, thick beard, gentle face and dignified expression. However, I don't know what the historical basis of this portrait is. How much like the real Duke of Zhou? Historians did not leave us a few words about the appearance of Duke Zhou. According to this portrait, it should be regarded as a vivid work.
social relations
Duke Zhou is the fourth son of King Ji Chang of Zhou Wen, Ji Fa's half-brother in Zhou Wuwang and Song Ji's uncle in Zhou Chengwang. Duke Zhou's eldest brother was killed. His second brother Ji Fa, Zhou Wuwang, third brother Guan Shu and fifth brother Cai Shu all witnessed the Duke of Zhou assisting Zhou Chengwang. They were jealous, spread rumors that they would usurp the throne, and even colluded with their son Geng to send troops to rebel. After three years of hard struggle, the Duke of Zhou killed Yin Wugeng and Xian, captured and exiled Cai Shudu, quelled the rebellion and safeguarded the overall situation of stability and unity in the Zhou Dynasty.
The eldest son of Duke Zhou is called Bai Qin, which happens to be the same name as the son of Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Ji Boqin was the first monarch of Shandong Lu in Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Jian said, "I am the son of King Wen and the brother of King Cheng. I have a high position in China. However, I have always been thrifty and humble, for fear of losing the sages of the world. Go to Lu, don't be arrogant. Inspired by his father, Bai Qin was in power with him for 46 years, which brought new prosperity to Lu's politics and economy. Its jurisdiction extends to Taishan in the north, Xuhuai in the south, Yellow Sea in the east and Yanggu in the west. The Zhou Dynasty ruled the East and became an important country, enjoying the reputation of "land of courtesy and righteousness".
The author summarizes the historical achievements of Duke Zhou as follows.
First, the duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
When his father Zhou Wenwang was in office, the Duke of Zhou was very filial. When Zhou Wuwang, the second brother, fought against Shang Zhouwang, he made a gauntlet, formulated a strategy, fought a tough battle and made great contributions. After the victory, he was appointed as the monarch of Lu. However, the Duke of Zhou did not go to Lu for pleasure, but stayed in the capital of the Zhou Dynasty to help govern the newly established Zhou Dynasty. After the death of King Wu, the Duke of Zhou assisted Zhou Wuwang's son Zhou Chengwang.
However, the New Zhou Dynasty faced serious difficulties. The overthrown old nobles of Shang Dynasty prepared for restoration, and the Duke of Zhou assisted the government, which led to the constant internal contradictions of Zhou. As a result, these two rebel forces colluded with each other and launched the famous "three prisons" rebellion in history. Duke Zhou personally put down the rebellion and destroyed fifty countries, laying the foundation for the southeast. After winning the victory, he began to work hard to govern the country. Duke Zhou was afraid of losing the sages of the world. In order not to delay the reception of the sages of the Zhou Dynasty, he often washed his hair once and picked up the hair that had not been combed for many times. When eating, spit out the food several times. This is the allusion to the idiom "scratch your hair, spit and eat".
Seven years after the Duke of Zhou was regent, Wang Cheng grew up, so Duke of Zhou resumed his position as a minister. Later, someone slandered the king, and the Duke of Zhou was afraid and fled to Chu, Hubei. Not long after, Wang Cheng looked through the literature in Kufu Collection and found that the Prayer for Raising the Armor when the Duke of Zhou was ill was touching and made people cry. Because of Zhou Gong's loyalty to the country and his sincere and noble quality, he immediately sent someone to welcome him back. After the Duke of Zhou returned to Korea, he still put aside past mistakes and made unremitting efforts for the Zhou Dynasty.
"The mountain will never be too high and the water will never be too deep. Duke Zhou is at your fingertips, and the world is at home. " Cao Cao's short songs praised the Duke of Zhou's thirst for talents, leaving an immortal image of the Duke of Zhou who devoted himself to death.
Two. Week [/s2/]
The evaluation of Duke Zhou is: "Make good use of ghosts and gods and be versatile." In addition, the personality of Duke Zhou has been radiant for centuries, so later generations borrowed his famous works to write Duke Zhou. This is a popular dream interpretation book. It lists all kinds of dreams and predicts good or bad dreams.
Dream culture is an indispensable part of China ancient culture. Although it is difficult to be elegant, it is widely circulated among people. Duke of Zhou is not so much a book about dreams as a dictionary about dreams. It divides dreams into six types, namely, positive dreams, nightmares, dream thoughts, sleeping dreams, good dreams and fearful dreams. There are 27 forms and hundreds of natural phenomena, including heaven and earth, sun and moon, spring and summer, autumn and winter, life and death, joys and sorrows, etc.
There are many stories about dreams in ancient China, and fables are better than MUBI's. Because many of the stories in these dreams are not dreams, but wonderful articles made up by the ancients to convey their thoughts. Ruzhuang. Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he was a butterfly. When he woke up, he asked a difficult philosophical question: "Did Zhuang Zhou dream that he became a butterfly, or did the butterfly dream that he became Zhuang Zhou?"
This is just another dream. According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, a Taoist named Lu Weng met a scholar named Lu. Lu Sheng was eager to get rich, but Luo Weng's persuasion failed, so he let Lu Sheng sleep on the pillow and let him get rich in his dream. Lu Sheng experienced ups and downs in his dream, and finally spent many years in splendor. Lu Sheng woke up in a dream and found that the steamed yellow rice of the shopkeeper was not ripe. Until now, people still use idioms to describe prosperity as a short and illusory dream.
Like a dream. Starting from the Five Dynasties, Wang Renyu's "Zhou Benji": "When Li Taibai was a child, the pen used in his dream had flowers on his head and later became famous all over the world."
So how credible is Duke Zhou? According to the scientific research on dreams in psychology today, there were many misunderstandings about dreams in ancient times. According to the research of psychologists, everyone dreams, no matter good or bad, no matter saints or fools, even animals dream. Because when animals sleep, their eyes will beat rapidly, which is a remarkable feature of dreaming. For example, you can observe the dog's sleep. The difference is that animals can't "talk in their sleep" like people when they wake up.
Third, dreams and flowers, the legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao, the Book of Changes.
This is an ancient fortune-telling book in China. According to legend, it was written by Ji Chang, and Duke Zhou compiled it into a book. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' disciples inherited the Book of Changes discovered by Confucius and wrote the Book of Changes. When Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, Lisi listed it as a medical divination book and preserved it. Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty are Zhouyi, Yi Zhuan, Zhouyi, Shi and Shu, which are collectively called the Six Classics. So Li is also called Le.
This is a classic that best reflects the culture of China. Zhou is thoughtful and complete, while Yi means movement and change. It believes that everything in the world is developing and changing, and the basic elements of change are yin and yang. Said, "One yin and one yang cried." Everything in the world is the result of the interaction of yin and yang. Our research objects are heaven, earth and man, and man is the foundation. Only three have yin and yang, so Chunqiu is compiled into sixty-four hexagrams. This is an ancient and splendid cultural treasure. The ancients used it to predict the future, decide state affairs, reflect current phenomena, and measure the sky above, the ground below and the people in the middle. Although some understandings are scientific because they are scientifically reasonable, they cannot be said to be scientific. Think of it as a culture. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, Zhouyi has become the root of China culture. Paying attention to the interaction between Yin and Yang, combining rigidity with softness, advocating self-improvement and respecting morality are important manifestations of China's 5,000-year history of civilization.
Final results
Duke Zhou assisted Zhou Wuwang and Zhou Chengwang and made great contributions to the establishment and consolidation of the Zhou Dynasty. Especially after being wronged by Zhou Chengwang, he still loved the motherland, respected the people and devoted himself to the development of the Zhou Dynasty until his death.
A thousand words have a cloud, "the camp is not as good as the crowd." Shirakawa literally means "Where are you going without Duke Zhou?" After his death, Duke Zhou was buried in Chengzhou, west of Luoyang, Henan Province, to prove that he would not leave the city. Wang Cheng humbly buried him next to the tomb of King Wen in Biyi, Xianyang, Shaanxi. To show respect for the Duke of Zhou. Duke Zhou is a model of later generations in politics. Confucius advocated the rites and music system of the Duke of Zhou all his life, and his highest political ideal was the benevolent government thought of the Duke of Zhou. Confucius' Confucianism regards Duke Zhou's personality model as the highest model of Confucianism.