First, life textual research
About Zhuang Panzhu's life story, it is recorded in the Biography of Piling Celebrity in Qing Dynasty:
"Pan Lianpei, Yang Lakers off any female, with the city martial arts room. Mother dream bead was born, so it was named Panzhu. Workers rely on sound, are young and clever, are good at reading, and have exquisite needlework, but they keep editing. He studied the poems written by his brother Fenpei in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty, imitated them, and worked hard to create them. Most of his works were sad and beautiful, generally like long valleys. I died in Jiaqing, and there are five in twenty. "
"Piling" is an old name in Changzhou, and "Mother gives birth to a dream bead". Zhuang Panzhu's birth is quite romantic. There is a saying in Jiangnan that dreams are interpreted. The so-called "holding pearls and jade" means that children are gifted. This dream may be just a coincidence at first. The name "Pan Zhu" implies parents' expectations for their daughters, but when it is verified by the outstanding talents of outstanding female poets, the theory of "God-given" is accepted by everyone. It is not difficult to understand why there are many quotations in poetry, such as "Listening to Autumn Sounds and Observing Ci":
"Female history Yang Lakers, mother dream bead, hence the name plate bead. The author of Ziweixuan Ci is Minhui, who takes sound as his work. "
In the early years of Guangxu, there was a postscript written by Sheng Xuanhuai in Sheng Xuanhuai's "Autumn Water Xuan Ji" (that is, the rare edition of "Four Houses"), referring to the vision that Zhuang Panzhu saw when he died:
"Lian Pei's famous dish bead, yang hu Zhuang has a daughter, who is in the same city as the wife of Oh. She is good at reading. When she was young, she studied poetry from her brother Fenpei and wrote well, especially with bitterness, and entered the jade washing room. The history of women in Piling can be regarded as Yuefu, and she is the first one. During the Jiaqing period, when he was ill, his family said, "I'll see several generations of goddesses later, and I won't suffer to welcome the Tianhou Palace. "There are five in twenty. Wu Dexuan's Draft of the First Moon Building and Li Zhaoluo's Old Ci Collection are both circulated. Yang Hucheng Sheng Xuanhuai knows. "
Sheng Xuanhuai (1844— 19 16) was a minister in the late Qing dynasty. Politicians, industrialists. The word apricot sun, a few interpretations, also a few fools. Jiangsu Wujin people. There are Yu Zhai Cun Manuscript and Sheng Xuanhuai Unpublished Letters Manuscript. Mrs. Zhuang Dehua is a descendant of the Zhuang family in Piling (now Changzhou). Biography of Zhuang Peilian in Wu Dexuan's Draft of the First Moon Building in Sheng Xuanhuai's Postscript, copied from Miao's Changzhou Ci Collection of Zhou Dynasty;
"Pan Zhu was from Ying Hui when he was young. He was good at reading and needlework, but he did a series of handwork in his spare time. After studying the poems written by his brother Fenpei in the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties and Tang Dynasties, his poems are mostly sad and beautiful, generally like the clouds in Long Valley Collection. Jiaqing died in a certain year, and there were five in twenty. " Jiaqing suffered from dysentery one year and recovered one day, saying that his family said,' Later, I met several generations of goddesses and greeted them with resistance, saying,' I have to wait on the queen, and there is nothing to suffer. "If you say it, you will die, and there will be five out of twenty."
Sheng Xuanhuai mentioned that there is a biography in Li Zhaoluo's Old Ci Collection. After textual research, Wu Dexuan's Biography of Pei Lian was also written by Wu Dexuan. Wu Dexuan (1767— 1840) is a famous student, who has close ties with Ji Jing and Zhang Huiyan. Wen Chao at the beginning of the month has ten volumes, and Continuation has eight volumes. Furthermore, Qiu Shui Xuan Ji, Rugao Biography of Zhuang Lianpei, is accompanied by the words "See the Collection of Wu Dexuan's Early Moon Building in Yixing", indicating that Wu mentioned in Old Tales is Wu Dexuan.
In contrast, the Biography of Zhuang Pan Bamboo in Lao Yan Ji is only two words different from the printed version, while the edited Biography of Changzhou Ci was deleted when it was copied. Now the biographies in "Old Yan Ji" are all broken sentences, and they are copied here:
"ZhuangLianPei, the famous dish bead, Yang Lakers, ZhuangYouJun's daughter, is a Beijing juren's wife. Young and well-behaved, good at reading, long-term, paying attention to learning female red, and always editing in his spare time. I learned the poems written by the Tang people in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties from his brother Fenpei and read them very well. Because of its effectiveness and hard work, most of his poems are sad and beautiful, generally like the clouds in the long valley. Jiaqing suffered from dysentery one year and recovered one day, saying that his family said,' Later, I met several generations of goddesses and greeted them with resistance, saying,' I have to wait on the queen, and there is nothing to suffer. "Say die, there are five in twenty. I read the biography of Li Changji by Tang, and Chang Ji died strangely and clearly. As a maid of Yuefu, Dr. Ye of the Ministry of Industry asked her to ask and answer questions with teacher Yixian Tiantai. The teacher was surprised and said, "You are guilty of speaking English. The wisdom of heaven and earth comes first. I dare not treat you as a fairy. "He's dead. He didn't bring Tang Ye's four musical instruments, Zhong Meixiu. No leaves, no branches and leaves, pure and true meaning. People who take root should be educated by women. Hey! It's different! Confucianism doesn't know what immortality means, but a wise man will be extraordinary when he dies. People should be credible when talking to their families when watching lotus flowers. It was connected with Lianpei's mother's house, so I learned about it and spread it. "
Wu Dexuan, headed by Li He and Wu Dexuan, made a lot of comments on the scene of Pan Zhu's death, and because he was in contact with Lian Po's mother's house, he wrote The Biography of Zhuang Panzhu, learned about it and spread it.
At the same time, Jin Pengshuo's Notes on Guest Windows and Ding's Notes on Listening to Poems in Autumn Sound Hall also copied the introduction of Zhuang Panzhu and his poems, and there were many abridgements. In this paper, the relevant sentences about Zhuang Panzhu's life in Mao's Notes on Shouyi Zhaikou Window are transcribed in broken sentences, so that readers can have a more comprehensive understanding of Zhuang Panzhu's deeds.
"I am often quite talented, and Zhuang Lianpei is the most. Lian Pei is the daughter of a famous dish, Zhuang Youjun, and the granddaughter of Yu Sao, the secretariat of Jiangnan Zhuang. You Juan is very clever and her parents like her very much. Female infrared ray, good at reading, friendly in telling poems, and never tired of listening to them. Every time she says to her father,' I'd rather hear about it than change it.' My friend was given poems by various schools in Han and Tang Dynasties, and he was always satirizing and chanting, so he lingered. If the time is longer and the profit is more, it will be collected. "
"... marry the above-mentioned Wu Sheng and accept it. Weng Yuan is an official, but his aunt died early and he still lives in his mother's house. Raising children, doing housework, dropping out of school to write poems and filling in fine print are also fresh and lovely. Sick and sick, twenty-five, the value of Qingming, fill in the "Willow Branch" cloud:' The wind and birds sing. Unlike the previous spring, people were ill. The moss green door is idle, and the bee window is quiet, leaving one person sad. After a few days, the curtains were covered with dark clouds, and a gentle sunshine was released. Poor peach blossom, sentimental willow, still clear. "His father was shocked and ominous when he saw it. Right:' I hurt my little brother's ear.' Guy's younger brother is very wise. He is only a few years old. He died yesterday. It was autumn, and Lian Pei died of dysentery. I missed my parents very much when I became a monk, but I just crossed my hands and recited Buddha. Talent without life, what a pity! "
The disease is lung disease, and Pan Zhu died early because of lung disease. Like Wu Dexuan, Jin Pengshuo is closely related to Zhuang Panzhu's maiden. "(Lian Pei) Yu's sister-in-law Jiang Nanzhuang is also the granddaughter of the secretariat." It can be seen that Jin Pengshuo is the younger brother of Grandma Zhuang Panzhu and knows Zhuang Panzhu's experience like the back of his hand. "Guest Window Notes" belongs to a record.
Second, textual research on native place.
In various research articles, there are often different opinions about Zhuang Panzhu's native place. Due to the historical evolution of regional construction in Wujin, researchers also have misunderstandings about "foreign lake". For example, Boss Huang said in The History of China Ci that Zhuang Panzhu was from Huyang, which was a clerical error. Deng Hongmei's History of Female Ci says that Zhuang Panzhu was born in "a small town near Changzhou in the south of the Yangtze River", which is also incorrect.
"Bamboo on the bank of the village, Yanghu", Yanghu is in Changzhou today, not "a small town near Changzhou". People who are not familiar with Changzhou may still have a doubt, that is, Zhuang Panzhu is a Yang Laker, so why is his genealogy titled "Piling Zhuang Genealogy" or "Piling Zhuang Genealogy"? Is his father "Biography of Zhuang Jun" also called "Wujin people" in Yang Xin Ji? Here, we might as well sort out the evolution of Changzhou place names.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Ji Zha, the fourth son of the King of Wu, was made a city of Yanling, which belonged to Huiji County in Qin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty, Yanling was changed to Piling County. It can be seen that piling is an ancient name used earlier and lasting longer in Changzhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan renamed "Dantu" as "Wujin". Later, from Piling to Jinling, Jinling and Wujin, the names of the past dynasties were divided and changed a lot. Changzhou place names originated in Sui Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Changzhou Prefecture governed eight counties, and Wujin and Yanghu were under the jurisdiction of Changzhou Prefecture. In the second year of Yongzheng, Wujin County was divided into two parts, Wujin in the west and Yanghu in the east. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish Wujin from Yanghu in many cases, and county records are often merged, such as Daoguang Wuyang He Zhi and Guangxu Wujin Yanghu County Records. Today's Changzhou includes Changzhou City (former Wujin County is now Wujin District of Changzhou City) and Jintan City and liyang city City under its jurisdiction.
In the era when Zhuang Panzhu lived, Yanghu had been separated from Wujin. In the relevant records of his parents and grandparents, there is no contradiction between the theory of "Yang Lake" and the theory of "Wujin people".
To sum up, it can be seen that during the Yongzheng period, Wujin set up Yanghu County, and from then on to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Changzhou government led eight counties. Zhuang Panzhu was born in Yanghu, and Wujin Yanghu was also the seat of Changzhou Fucheng in Qing Dynasty.
Third, the year of birth and death
Zhuang Panzhu's specific year of birth and death is not recorded in all biographies. According to the works of women in Ming and Qing Dynasties collected in Harvard Yanjing Library, Zhuang Panzhu was a "person who celebrated the Qing Dynasty". The Selected Poems of Changzhou Women in Past Dynasties considered Zhuang Panzhu's date of birth and death as "about 1792- 18 16", and Mr. Qian pointed out that his date of birth and death was "a talented woman's poem". In the manuscript of Chronology of Suspected Persons in Piling by Zhang Weixiang of Changzhou Library, there are 20 characters recorded in the sixth volume, The Good Family, most of which have specific dates of birth and death. There is only one record in Wei Zhuang Panzhu, which is "Zhuang Lianpei, twenty-five, Panzhu, Shenggan, and Zuqing". Although there is no specific date, we can know that Zhuang Panzhu was born in the Qianlong period and died in the Jiaqing period.
In this paper, the year of Zhuang Panzhu's death was researched, and on this basis, his birth year was inferred.
There is a record in Jin Pengshuoke's Window Notes: "When I became a monk, I missed my parents and just crossed my hands to read Buddha." It is known that both parents were alive when Pan Zhu died.
Regarding his father, Zhuang Guanhe, it is recorded in the Chronology of Piling Suspects: "Zhuang Youjun, 69 years old, was born in fifteen years and died in the twenty-third year of Jiaqing." The genealogy of the Zhuang nationality in Piling is recorded as follows:
"A line, the word for all, a word with mountains. Taisheng, who is married to Jiang, is a taboo Longchang girl in Jiaying, Guangdong. Zi San, Ying Zeng, Xian Zeng, Zeng. Female number one, Pan Zhu,, Jiaqing Wuyin. Born in Wu Geng, Ganlong on May 13th, he died on the first day of May in Jiaqing. "
According to the above records, Pan Zhu's father Zhuang Guanhe died in the Wuyin year of Jiaqing (18 18), and in the same year, Wu Shizhong was promoted. Therefore, it can be inferred that Zhuang Panzhu died before Jiaqing Wuyin, and her husband, Wu Shi, had not been recruited at the time of his death.
Regarding the date of birth of Zhuang Panzhu, the only exact date in her poems is the word "New Year's Day in Shajiayin, Huanxi". In several versions of Autumn Water Xuan Ci, this word was placed at the beginning of the episode. Jiayin was in Qianlong for fifty-nine years (1794), so there is no doubt that Panzhu was born in Qianlong. Although the records in Zhang Weixiang's Pirin Chronology of Suspicious Celebrities are short, they can stand scrutiny.
On this basis, the author tries to infer the specific date of birth and death of Zhuang Panzhu.
Pan Zhu's brother Zhuang Yingzeng, whose real name is Fenpei, is recorded in his genealogy as "born in Qianlong (177 1) Xinmao on January 16th". Wu Dexuan's Biography of Zhuang Lianpei also mentioned that "(Pan Zhu) tasted poems from Tang Di in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties", and Xin Mao was in office for thirty-six years (177 1).
There is a "Bodhisattva Man" in another dish of pearl poems, entitled "Shen Jun, Dida and Ju Xi Talk about Small Words". This "Shen is the eldest brother" is the eldest son of Zhuang Panzhu's uncle Zhuang Wenhe. There is also a record in the genealogy of the Zhuang family in Piling: "Seek for one, act for one, and be careful with your words. Too academic. ..... was born in Qianlong Guisi on May 15th and died in Daoguang Dinghai on July 7th ".
Thirty-eight years after Qianlong (1773), Pan Zhu should be younger than his brother Fenpei and older than his cousin Shen Jun. Therefore, it can be inferred that the specific birth year of Zhuang Panzhu should be between the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (177 1) and the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773) in May.
According to various records, Pan Zhu died at the age of 25. Judging from the nominal age, it can be inferred that his death year was between sixty years of Qianlong (1795) and two years of Jiaqing (1797). Since Pan Zhu died between Jiaqing and Jiaqing, we can rule out Qianlong for 60 years (1795). Conversely, it is inferred that the year of birth is thirty-seven years of Qianlong (1772) or thirty-eight years of Qianlong (1773).
To sum up, Zhuang Panzhu was born in the Qianlong period (1772- 1773) and died in the early years of Jiaqing (1796- 1797).
Four. conclusion
"Wu Shi's wife, Zhuang family, famous plate beads, the word Lian Pei. Young Ying Hui, easy to read. Dragon, learn female red, do a lot of editing in his spare time. I learned from my brother Ying that he was influenced by the Tang poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and read very well. Because he is effective, he works hard and his poems are full of bitterness and sadness. "
This passage is recorded in Volume 27 of Records of Yanghu County, Wujin, Guangxu. Let's take a look at a record in Jin Lei's A Lady's Story:
King Wuling is the only person in the modern family who is good at Zhuang Panzhu's Poems of Autumn Water. After tasting it, it was the first in Qing Dynasty. Said its Xin Yi constantly bowel, Gao Mai in jade washing room. Up to Tan's "Selected Poems of Yuzhong", only four poems were recorded, or what Wang Jun said or exceeded its quantity, but it was not completed. "
Wang is a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty. When I was a teenager, I had a poem, which was known as "the first word when Ming Lake passed by". As a poet, Wang compared Zhuang Panzhu's Autumn Water with Zhu's Mourning for the Past and Li Qingzhao's Shuyu Poetry, which shows that he has a high evaluation of Zhuang Panzhu. Another Tan Tangmi, namely Tan Xian, a poet in the late Qing Dynasty, was good at selecting poems and recorded 984 works by 375 poets in the Qing Dynasty. The study of pronouns in Qing dynasty was very prosperous, with countless collections and works. As a woman, four works have been selected in Huzhong Ci, which shows that Zhuang Panzhu was highly respected in the poetry circle of Qing Dynasty. If we sort out the relevant materials, we can have a general understanding of the life of female poets from several levels. Finally, these two records can be connected into a line, thus making our understanding and evaluation of female poets more comprehensive and objective.