An ancient poem about "dreaming": 1, Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and the imperial cuckoo crowed. (Li shangyin. "Jinse") 2. Dreams and sparse clocks, floating clouds.
(Li Qingzhao. Meng Xiao) 3. At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the Xiao Xuan window was being dressed. (Su Shi. Jiangchengzi) 4. I didn't know I was a guest in my dream. I was greedy.
(Li Yu. "Langtaosha") 5. The dream of my old country is back, and I feel tears in my eyes. (Li Yu. Midnight Song) 6. How much hate, in the dream last night.
It's like swimming to the garden in the past. (Li Yu. Looking at Jiangnan) 7. Fog in Yungu and Menggu enveloped Yueyang City.
(Meng Haoran. A message from Dongting Lake) 8. So, I am looking for it in a dream with a single pillow. The dream is not a lamp, but burning. (Ouyang Xiu. I don't know how far it is after your farewell. ) 9. So I think of you, old friend. You are the bane of my midnight dream.
(Meng Haoran. Thinking in Nanting in midsummer) 10, tears are not over, and the temple sings before midnight. (Bai Juyi. Palace words).
2. How do' others' say and summarize the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese? Generally speaking, it refers to some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese that are different from modern Chinese expression habits.
There are mainly: judgment sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences and inversion sentences. Let's illustrate it with examples according to the classical Chinese we have studied: 1. Judgment sentence: In classical Chinese, the judgment word "yes" (or "no") is also used to construct judgment sentences. For example, if you ask the world now, do you know if there are any Han Chinese, and don't consider Wei and Jin Dynasties.
(Peach Blossom Garden) Not me, but a soldier. The "yes" and "no" in the sentence (I am for the country) are synonyms of the judgment words "yes" and "no" in modern Chinese.
However, this usage is not common. Classical Chinese often uses other words or structures to express judgments.
(1) Use other judgmental words to express judgment, for example, this is my sin. (Gou Jian annihilates Wu) Translation: This is my sin.
The word "then" in the sentence is translated into "yes", which is equivalent to the judgment word in modern Chinese. In addition, there are: Nai, Jun, Ben, Cheng, Yi, Su, Fei and so on. For example, I am in a hurry today, and this is the autumn when my minister will serve me.
This is a crucial autumn. (3) Liang Jiang Chu Xiangyang.
Minister this cloth. (5) and * * *.
6 fish, I want it, bear's paw I want it. (b) use "use"
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Translated as: Lian Po is an excellent general of Zhao. The beauty of my wife is my own.
The reason why my wife thinks I'm beautiful is that she loves me in private. The meaning of the word "Shi" in the sentence is expressed by the structure of "Zhe, Ye".
Of course, this structure is not fixed, specifically, its structural changes are very flexible. For example: 1. Use the form "20081October 15 to 20091February 30".
("Ailian said") 2. Judging four people by "You Bao Chan Shan" 3. In "North Judge Xu Gong and Beauty are on the same table"
Duke Xu in the north of the city is a beauty of Qi. (Note that "zhe" at the end of the sentence means "de ren", not a structural auxiliary word. )
Jixuan, Qiannan attic. (Selected Annals of Ji Xiang) 4. Judge Liu Bei and Table "Four in One"
(Battle of Red Cliffs) Second, the so-called passive sentence means that the relationship between the subject and the predicate is passive, that is, the subject is the passive and patient of the behavior expressed by the predicate verb, not the active and implementer. Such sentences are called passive sentences.
"Bei" is often used to express passive relationship in modern Chinese, and it also exists in classical Chinese, but it is rare. For example, if you are loyal and vilified, can you complain? Can loyalty be vilified by others without resentment? In classical Chinese, passive sentences often use "... for ..." and "... see ... and their corresponding variant structures.
For example: (1) "Battle of the Red Cliff" 2. ”………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
("On Qin") 3. "... The second episode of The Hongmen Banquet (Part II) ... See ... in" 1. " ... see ... "I am sincerely worried that I will be bullied by the king and lose Zhao.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Parents laugh at generous families. ("Autumn Water") 2. "……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) 3. "Battle of Red Cliffs" (3) omitting passive sentences with passive signs, such as Wang, is very embarrassing.
(Zou Ji satirizes Chabr, King of Qi) Your Majesty, you have been cheated, which is very serious. Jingzhou people are attached to operators, forcing soldiers to take advantage of the situation.
(Battle of Red Cliffs) The people of Jingzhou joined Cao Cao because of the military situation. Third, the ellipsis sentence (1) omits the subject, the guest comes from outside, (Zou Ji) talks with the guest, (Zou Ji) asks the guest and says ... ("Zou Ji can be ironically trained") There are different snakes in Yongzhou, (snakes) are black and white ... ("Snake Catcher") (2) Predicate.
One effort failed (drum), and three times (drum) exhausted ... (Debate on Cao Gui) (3) The omission of the verb object is as great as a feat, and worshipping (referring to Lin Xiangru) as a minister. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (4) Ellipsis of prepositional object This man has heard everything.
("Peach Blossom Garden") (5) The preposition omits that the generals fought (in) Hebei and the ministers fought (in) Henan. In classical Chinese sentences, the word order of some sentences is different from that of modern Chinese, so we call them inverted sentences.
Its inversion phenomenon mainly includes: subject-predicate inversion, preposition object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and so on. (1) verb inversion in order to emphasize the predicate, the predicate is sometimes placed before the subject.
This is only because of the need of language expression. I'm sorry, you don't like it! (Yu Gong Yi Shan) Hey! If Yanzi's family is poor! (Yan Zi Chun Qiu) 2 Preposition Object In modern Chinese, the object is often located behind the predicate as the object of the predicate.
In classical Chinese, under certain conditions, objects often appear as prepositional objects before predicates. There are two special cases: 1. The phenomenon of prepositional object in negative sentences In negative sentences, when the predicate part is modified by negative adverbs, the object carried by the predicate will generally be prepositioned.
For example, when I was three years old, I was willing to take care of you. (Shuo) "I want to care" should be understood as "I don't want to care about me".
Such negative adverbs generally include "nothing", "nothing", "nothing", "nothing" and so on. Another example: the ancients did not bully.
(Don't bully me) (Shi Zhongshan of Su Shi). 2. Pronouns and prepositions in interrogative sentences In classical Chinese interrogative sentences, when interrogative pronouns are used as the objects of predicate verbs (or prepositions), the objects are often placed in front of the predicate verbs (or prepositions).
For example, Liang asked, "What is your Majesty doing here?" "He Cao" should be understood as "Fuck him", which means "What did you bring". In modern Chinese, prepositions are followed by objects to form an object-object structure, which is used to modify verb predicates.
In classical Chinese,