Lipper
Sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain (mǔ) and singing farewell (also known as sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain, farewell to Lu Donggong (1), farewell to Lu Donggong). Selected from The Complete Works of Li Taibai)
In the week of Yying, water and fog are hidden outside the method; (2) The Yue people (3) Talking about Tianmu, the clouds are gradually disappearing (4) Or visible. On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven (5), topped with five sacred peaks, and casts a shadow (6) through China. The rooftop (tāi) is eighteen thousand feet, and at this point, it begins to turn to the southeast (7).
I want to dream of wuyue overnight and fly to Jinghu overnight. The moon lit up my shadow and took me to Xianghe (10). Xie Gong (1 1) is still here today, with water gurgling (land) (12) and apes singing (13). Chuo Xie Qigong (JΟ) (14) climbed the ladder of blue clouds. (15) Half way to the sunny ocean (16), the sacred cock crow in space (17). Thousands of turns, flowers lure me, stones slow me down. The day suddenly ended. (18) Xiong Bao Long Yin Yin (yǐn) Yanquan (19) shocked Lin Zhentian (20). Clouds (2 1), heavy rain (in), and streams are foggy. The pillar disappeared (22) and the hill collapsed and destroyed. The cave is full of stone leaves with an opening in the middle. (23) Qingming (24) is bottomless, but today the moon shines on the gold and silver platform (25). Then, wearing rainbow costumes and riding the wind, the king of clouds Xi(26) came down one after another. Tiger drum, jazz, love (Luan) entered (27), row after row, like hemp in the field, fairy tale characters in the range. When I moved, my soul flew out of the sky, and suddenly (hu m: ng) (28) started up and grew long (ji). Pillow cushion when I feel (jué)(29), is the lost cloud in which I once lived. (30)
This is the consistent way of human happiness, and all kinds of things will always flow to the east like water (3 1). So I'm leaving you. I don't know how long it will take. But let me, on my green slope, raise a white deer, and you must walk and ride (qí) to visit famous mountains. Ann can give in to powerful people, and these people never feel pain because they are seen with a sincere face.
To annotate ...
(1). Yin Kun's "He Yueling Photo Album" received this poem entitled "Sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain, Farewell to Donglu Gong". Later versions were either Montmorial Mountain Princes Dream of Ascending, Montmorial Mountain Princes Dream of Ascending, or Biedonglu Princes. Tianmu Mountain: fifty miles east of Xinchang County, Shaoxing, and connected to Tiantai Mountain in the east. Legend has it that someone climbed the mountain and heard the voice of the heavenly mother (old woman), hence the name. Selected from the complete works of Li Taibai. In the third year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (744), Li Taibai was pushed out of Chang 'an by powerful people and was released from Beijing. In the second year, he will go south from Donglu (now Shandong) to Yuezhou (Shaoxing), write down this poem describing his sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain, and leave it to his friends in Donglu, so he will take "Sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain, Don't be Duke Lu Dong" as the topic.
(2). Hacker: a person who wanders at sea. Yingzhou: the legendary fairy mountain in the East China Sea. "Historical Records Zen": "The abbot and Yingzhou, who sent people to the sea to seek the Three Holy Mountains of Penglai, spread in the Bohai Sea, not far away. If you suffer, the wind will take you away. I have tasted the best, fairy and fairy medicine. " Yan Tao: The waves are so thin that they look like smoke from a distance. Blurred: The scene is blurred. Letter: Really. Hard to find: hard to find.
(3) Vietnamese: Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
(4) When the clouds are on and off: When the clouds are on and off.
(5) crossing the sky: covering the sky. Horizontal, blocking.
(6) Climb to the top of the Five Sacred Peaks and cast the shadow of crossing China: the mountain surpasses the Five Mountains, hiding the sincere pulling force: transcendence. Wuyue: Mount Tai in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue, Hengshan in Beiyue and Hengshan in Nanyue. Chicheng: The name of the mountain is in the north of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province. It is the south gate of Tiantai Mountain, and the soil color is red. Tiantai (tāi): The name of the mountain, in the north of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province. Ten Mountains and Rivers: Tiantai Mountain is ten miles north of Tiantai County, Taizhou, with a height of 18,000 feet and a circle of 800 miles. Its mountains are eight heavy and all sides are the same. " 48,000 feet: It is an exaggeration to describe the height of Tiantai Mountain, not a real figure.
(7) At this point, it began to turn to the southeast: facing this mountain (Tianmu Mountain), (Tiantai Mountain) seems to crawl in its east. Tiantai Mountain is lower than Tianmu Mountain.
(8). Reason: reason, basis. Refers to the words of the Vietnamese people in the previous paragraph.
(9) Jinghu: Jianhu, the most famous urban lake in Shaoxing in the Tang Dynasty.
(10).shàn flow: The name of water is in the south of Shengzhou, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and in the upper reaches of Cao 'e River.
(1 1) Xie Gong: The guide is aimed at Shaoxing poet Xie Lingyun. Xie Lingyun likes to travel in the mountains. When he visited Tianmu Mountain, he once lived in Tongxi.
(12). Lu: clear.
(13) Qing: This means sadness.
(14). Xie: Xie Lingyun's clogs. Xie Lingyun wears a special kind of wooden shoes when traveling in the mountains. There are movable serrations under the sole, and the front teeth are pulled out when going up the mountain and the rear teeth are pulled out when going down the mountain.
(15) Qingyun ladder: refers to the mountain road that goes straight into the sky.
(16) Sunshine Ocean Halfway up the mountain: You can see the sun rising from the sea halfway up the mountain.
(17) Tianji: According to legend, there is Du Tao in the southeast, and there is a big tree on the mountain with branches stretching for 3,000 miles. There is Tian Ji in the tree. Whenever the sun rises and shines on this tree, the pheasant will crow, and all the chickens in the world will follow suit.
(18) Flowers seduce me, but stones reassure me. The day suddenly ended: infatuated with flowers and leaning against stones, I think it's getting late. It's getting dark. It's evening.
Bear, dragon, mountains and rivers are storming (19): bears are growling, dragons are ringing, mountains and rivers are shaking, and springs in rocks are ringing. "Yin source" is "source yin". Yin, here is used as a verb, which makes sense.
(20) Starts up the forest and makes the heights tremble: makes the deep forest tremble and the top of the layer vibrate.
(2 1). Qingqing: darkness.
(22). Missing: Lightning. Column, pass "crack" and split. Lack refers to the gap in the cloud. Lightning bursts from clouds, so it is called "column deficiency"
(23) The middle of the stone gate in the cave is opened: an hūng is opened in the middle of the stone gate in Xianfu. Cave: the cave where immortals live, which means there is another world in the cave. Stone leaf: Shimen. Ran Yan: The description is very loud.
(24) Qingming: blue sky. Jinyintai: the place where immortals live. Historical records? According to people who have been to Penglai Wonderland, there is "gold and silver like a palace".
(25). Gold and silver platform: a palace made of gold and silver, which refers to the place where immortals live. Guo Pu's poem about immortals: "The immortals are out of the clouds, but they see the platform of gold and silver".
(26) the king of clouds: the fairy in the clouds.
Luan got into the car: Luan bird was driving. Luan: the legendary phoenix. Back off, swing, run.
(28). Suddenly: suddenly, suddenly.
(29) When awake: When awake.
It's the lost cloud where I am: the smoke and clouds I just saw in my dream are gone. All the time, at first. Hazy refers to the fairyland written earlier.
(3 1). Dongliushui: (Like) Dongliushui (gone forever).
But let me, on my green slope, keep a white deer and ride to you when I need you, Dashan: Put the white deer in the green cliff for the time being, and ride it to visit famous mountains when it's time to go. Must wait.
(33). Browsing and bending: Browsing eyebrows means lowering eyebrows. Bowing your head means bowing. Tao Yuanming once lamented: "How can I bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice!"
translate
It is really difficult for overseas guests to find Yingzhou because there are few smoke waves. When Shaoxing people talk about Tianmu Mountain, they can sometimes see it in the mist, and the glow is shining. Tianmu Mountain towering into the sky, connected with the sky, horizontally out of the sky. The mountain is higher than the five mountains, covering Chicheng Mountain. Tiantai Mountain is 10000 feet high (10000 is the correct version, and 40000 is verified to be misinformed). It seems that it leans to the southeast in front of Tianmu Mountain, and worships itself.
I sleepwalked to Shaoxing as the Vietnamese said. One night, I flew over Jinghu Lake under the bright moon. The moonlight on Jinghu Lake shone on my shadow and sent me to Tongxi. The place where Xie Lingyun lived is still there. The clear lake is rippling and apes are singing. Wearing Xie Gong's special wooden shoes on his feet, he climbed the mountain road and went straight into the sky. Halfway up the mountain, I saw the sun rising from the sea and the sound of pheasants coming from the air. The mountain road is winding and the direction is uncertain. I am obsessed with flowers and leaning on stones, and I don't feel that it is getting late. Bears are growling, dragons are ringing, springs in rocks are shaking, making forests tremble and mountain peaks tremble. The clouds are dark, as if it is going to rain, and the water waves fluctuate and produce smoke. Lightning and thunder, the mountain seems to have collapsed. The stone gate of Xianfu opened with a bang in the middle. It was dark, and the bottom of the cave could not be seen. The sun and the moon shine on the palace made of gold and silver. Dressed in rainbows, riding the wind like a horse, the immortals in the clouds descended to earth one after another. The tiger plays the piano and the phoenix pulls the cart. The immortals lined up like hemp. Suddenly shocked, suddenly awakened, long sigh. When I woke up, there was only a pillow mat around me. The smoke and clouds I just saw in my dream were gone.
So is the joy of the world. Since ancient times, everything has gone forever. When will you come back from Jun? For the time being, first graze the white deer between the green cliffs, and then ride it to visit the famous mountains in Sichuan. How can I grovel and serve the powerful, making my heart unhappy and miserable!
Writing background
Li Bai had the ambition to help the world in his early years, but he disdained to be promoted through the imperial examination, hoping to become an important official by leaps and bounds. As a result, he roamed all over the country and made friends with celebrities, thus gaining a good reputation. In the first year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (742), Wu Jun, a friend of Li Bai, recommended Li Bai to Xuanzong, and Xuanzong called him to Chang 'an. Li Bai had high hopes for this trip to Chang 'an, and wrote in his farewell poem "Don't go on an expedition to the mainland" to his wife: "If you wear a golden seal when you return, don't see Su Qin disembark." Li Bai had a brief pride when he first arrived in Chang 'an, but he was arrogant and refused to go along with the powerful. He also offended dignitaries by taking off his boots, and even Xuanzong was dissatisfied with him. He only lived in Chang 'an for more than a year, and then he returned the gold to him, and his dream of becoming famous by cloth clothes was completely shattered. After Li Bai left Chang 'an, he first met Du Fu in Luoyang and forged a friendship. Later, he went with Liang and Song, and Gao Shi also came to meet him. The three of them went to Shandong together Shortly after arriving in Yanzhou, Du Fuxi entered Chang 'an and Li Bai went south to meet Ji (Shaoxing). This poem was written by him before he left. Title: "Yin" is a style of ancient poetry, which is mostly mournful, free and lively and eclectic in form. "Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu" is a poem about the dream trip of Mount Tianmu, which is left to friends at the east foot as a farewell.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This is a poem about dreams and immortals. The poem was written in the famous mountain of Xianfu, with peculiar conception, rigorous conception and magnificent artistic conception. Emotion is deep, intense and unpredictable, which reflects the truth of life in the illusory description. Although bizarre, it is not artificial. The content is rich and tortuous, and the image is brilliant and romantic. Formally, miscellaneous words alternate with each other, while using Sao style, not bound by laws and regulations, and the system is liberated. The letter is handwritten, the pen is attached, and the poem is a masterpiece.
Distinguish and appreciate
The first few sentences of the poem are the reasons for writing dreams. The poet said: it is really hard to find the vast sea when people returning from the sea talk about Yingzhou; The Yue people talk about Tianmu Mountain, which is hidden in the clouds and may still be visible. Yingzhou is a sacred mountain. According to ancient legend in China, there are three sacred mountains in the East China Sea, one is Penglai, the other is the abbot and the other is Yingzhou. Yue was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province. "Faith" is regarded as "truth" here.
First of all, "a tourist who sails will talk about Japan, where the water and fog are hidden in inaccessible places", which is a foil, which makes this poem have magical color from the beginning; Let's start by saying, "But the more people talk about the mother mountain, the deeper the clouds are." Let's get to the point. The height of Tianmu Mountain is described as follows: "On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven, with five sacred peaks on top, casting a shadow across China. The roof is 18000 feet high, and at this point, it begins to turn to the southeast. " The poet first compared Tianmu Mountain to the sky, only to see the mountain lying in the clouds for a long time, as if connected with the sky. Compared with other mountains, Tianmu Mountain not only surpasses the Five Mountains, which is famous for its precipitousness, but also surpasses Chicheng nearby. "Five Mountains" refers to the five famous mountains in China, namely Taishan, Huashan, Hengshan, Songshan and Hengshan. "Chicheng", the name of a mountain, Zhejiang Tianbei is now called Chicheng, because there are many red stones on the mountain, which looks like a red city from a distance. Then the poet wrote from another angle, focusing on Tiantai Mountain, saying that Tiantai Mountain in the south of Tianmu Mountain is very high, but it is too small to collapse in front of Tianmu Mountain. The "18,000-foot rooftop" here only means that Tiantai Mountain is very high, not that it is actually 18,000 feet.
Here, the poet did not directly tell us how high Tianmu Mountain is, but used the method of contrast and contrast to write the towering appearance incisively and vividly, as if the towering Tianmu Mountain was in front of us, arousing our fantasies and following the poet step by step to the dreamland.
From the phrase "My heart and my dream are in Wu and Yue", the poet fell asleep. From here to "the lost cloud where I am", I wrote a dream, which is the main part of the whole poem.
The poet dreamed that he flew over Jinghu Lake overnight and then flew to Tunxi in the moonlight of the lake. He saw that the place where Xie Gong stayed was still there, where the water rippled, monkeys crowed and the scenery was very elegant. "Xie Gong" refers to Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Xie Lingyun likes to visit mountains and is famous for writing landscape poems. He has been to almost all the famous mountains in Zhejiang. When Xie Lingyun climbed Mount Tianmu, he stayed in Tunxi, leaving the poem "Stay overnight in Tianmu Cen".
Therefore, Li Bai wrote: "Listen to Xie and climb the Qingyun ladder. Halfway through the sunny ocean, the sacred rooster crows in space. " The "shoes" here refer to a kind of wooden shoes specially made by Xie Lingyun for mountain climbing. The sole has wooden teeth. Pull out the front teeth when going up the mountain and the back teeth when going down the mountain, which makes it easier to walk. "Tianji" is a kind of magic chicken in ancient legends. It is said that it lives in a big tree on the top of Du Tao Mountain in the East China Sea of China. As soon as the cock crows, all the chickens crow. The poet said: He climbed the stone steps of Tianmu Mountain in Xie Lingyun's special clogs. Standing on the top of the mountain, I saw the East China Sea red sun spewing out halfway up the mountain and heard the pheasant crow in the air. In this way, all the way from flying over Jinghu Lake to climbing the top of Tianmu Mountain, the scenery changes step by step, the dream develops step by step, and the color of fantasy becomes stronger step by step, leading to fantasy. In front of us, a dreamy and strange fairy tale world unfolds: "There are mountains and peaks, and there is no way to go. Flowers seduce me and stones comfort me. The day suddenly ended. Bears, dragons and storms on mountains and rivers disturb forests and shake mountains. Clouds are dark because of rain, and streams are light because of fog. " These words mean that among thousands of rocks, the road twists and turns without a certain direction. Leaning against the rock, intoxicated with colorful mountain flowers, suddenly it was dark. Bears are growling, dragons are roaring, and rocks, springs, deep forests and peaks are shaking. Great changes have taken place in the weather. The blue sky looks like rain, and smoke rises from the mist. It is very colorful. The syntax of Chu Ci is adopted here, which not only changes the rhythm, but also reminds readers of the style of Chu Ci and adds romanticism.
Suddenly, the scene changed again: before my eyes, the thunder thundered, the mountains split, and with a bang, the stone door leading to the fairy cave house opened, and in the endless blue and transparent sky, there appeared a gold and silver pavilion illuminated by the sun and the moon. Look: "God of thunder and lightning, the hills are crumbling. Cave stone gate, drain in tiankeng. An impenetrable shadow, but now the sun and the moon illuminate the gold and silver terrace. " Here, the author used four four-word phrases in succession, "God of thunder and lightning, the hills collapsed. Venting in the sinkhole ",the uneven rhythm, vigorous and powerful, fully wrote the majestic momentum when Tianmen opened." "Legqog" is lightning.
Before the Tianmen was opened, the poet tried his best to describe the hazy colors and earth-shattering sounds, but after the Tianmen was opened, the scene was magnificent. In this way, the former played a role of contrast with the latter, and formed a wave from low to high in the momentum of poetry. Rendered a magical background for the appearance of the gods.
At this time, the fairy appeared: "All the queens of the clouds, dressed in rainbow clothes, rode the wind and came down one by one." With the tiger as the harp and the phoenix as the dancer, row after row, like hemp, is arranged with the image of a fairy. " Many immortals came out one after another, dressed in rainbow clothes, riding the wind like a horse, roaring like nature, and couples pulling carts. The dream is written here, reaching the highest point. The poet's fantasy is really like a "unconstrained style", running freely and arbitrarily.
Reading these charming poems is like enjoying a colorful and unpredictable fairy tale movie. It is so charming and charming. It makes people crazy, as if they were in the fairy world.
However, this dream didn't last long: "I moved, my soul flew, and I woke up with a long sigh." A pillow just for sleeping is my lost cloud. " I woke up with a sigh and the pillow was still there. Where were the smoke and clouds just now? The poem suddenly stopped at the highest point of the dream and turned sharply, turning from fantasy to reality, as if the music had changed from treble to bass, which calmed the listener's mood. When reading poems, especially ancient poems, we should pay attention to the ups and downs of the whole article.
The poet's depression and disappointment after waking up leads to the last paragraph. This passage turns from dream writing to realism, revealing the central meaning of the whole poem. This poem is used to leave something else to tell friends who stayed in eastern Shandong why they want to go to Tianmu Mountain to invite immortals to visit Taoism. This passage is the theme of the whole poem. In several short poems, it shows the contradiction in the poet's heart and shows the poet's strong emotional generation. He believes that just like this kind of sleepwalking, the pleasure in the world is always extremely sad, and everything in ancient times is always fleeting like running water. It's better to ride a white deer to the famous mountain to seek immortality. This sad mood and escapist attitude towards life show the negative side of Li Bai's thought. It is understandable that intellectuals belonging to the feudal ruling class in feudal society took a negative attitude towards life when they suffered political setbacks. However, when we evaluate the ideas expressed in Li Bai's poem, we should not only see this side, but also see the other side, a more powerful side. In Li Bai's thought, "impermanence of life" is not submission to life, nor collusion with powerful people, but contempt and resistance to the upper rulers. His pursuit of immortality is not to satisfy endless greed like Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, but to express his contempt and intransigence for dignitaries in a way far from reality, as the poem sums up: "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who will never show their sincere faces!" How can I bow my head to serve those powerful people, making me unhappy all day! It can be seen that the poet's thought is tortuous and complicated, but its main aspect is positive and full of rebellious spirit.
Let's briefly talk about the artistic style of this poem.
Li Bai is an outstanding representative of romanticism among ancient poets in China. This poem is full of romanticism in conception and expression. It completely broke through the stereotype of farewell poems, but used farewell to show its political attitude of not serving the powerful. In the narrative, it did not take a straightforward way, but was conceived around a dream of wandering immortals, until finally it fell on the theme of not serving the powerful. This idea opened up a vast world for the poet's fantasy gallop. Based on this idea, we boldly use exaggerated methods to describe the imaginary world and shape the imaginary image. In this respect, the poet showed extraordinary talent. He wrote about bears and dragons, thunder and lightning, castles in the air and horses in neon clothes ... and made the fantasy scene vivid, dazzling and thrilling. Du Fu said that Li Bai's "pen falls, the wind and rain shake, and poetry makes him cry" is a very apt comment. It should also be noted that the author does not write fantasy for the purpose of writing fantasy, but for the purpose of "not serving the powerful". He wrote that the beauty of fairy tale world contrasts with the ugliness of real world; Writing that you are bent on traveling to fairyland is to express your hatred for the real world, but you don't want to go along with the powerful. The theme of not serving the powerful is like a spotlight, which illuminates the whole poem, and the fantasy comes to life under this beacon, otherwise, even if it is squandered a hundred times, it will release the brilliance of not being dispatched.
This poem is an ancient poem with seven words. Seven-character ancient poetry is an old-style poem, which was formed before the Tang Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, both ideological content and artistic form had been fully developed. This poetic style is mainly composed of seven words, and long sentences or short sentences can also be used. Use rhyme, rhyme to the end, or change rhyme in the middle. There is no limit to the number of sentences, and the length can be long or short, which is one of the old-style poems that is less subject to metrical constraints. Li Bai is very good at writing seven-character ancient poems. This is probably due to the smooth and natural characteristics of this poem, which is more suitable for expressing his bold and unrestrained thoughts and feelings. As far as this poem is concerned, the syntactic changes are very creative. Although it is mainly composed of seven words, it also uses four words, five words, six words and nine words alternately. This flexible and diverse syntax used in a poem does not feel like a struggle, but is seamless and very harmonious. This is because the whole poem runs through a main line of emotional development. With the ups and downs of feelings, poems are long and short, and the beat is urgent and slow. Some people say that Li Bai's poems are "ever-changing, like pearls, never exceeding the law", which is very appropriate. (Liu) According to
This poem is full of romanticism in conception and expression. In order to express his attitude of not being powerful by saying goodbye, the poet conceived a dreamland and created vivid images in his dream, which easily reminded people of the style of Chu Ci and aggravated the romanticism of the poem. It is almost seamless to contrast these with the ugly reality at that time and return to the theme of not dealing with powerful people. This fantastic idea is to use metaphor, contrast, contrast, exaggeration, association and other methods to write things in fantasy vividly and thrilling. No wonder Du Fu commented that this poem was "the pen fell and the wind and rain shook, and the poem made the gods cry".
draft
Tianmu Mountain is actually mapped to the imperial court. The second paragraph describes the beauty and majesty of Tianmu Mountain from the time he climbed the mountain to show his dependence and affection for the court when he was reused in the early days of his entry into the DPRK. And the word "suddenly" means that you are deeply involved. I have always been confused and can't see the real truth. Then suddenly, "bears, dragons, and storms on mountains and rivers frighten the forest and make it tremble." It means that he has begun to offend powerful people. Later, "the god of thunder and lightning, landslide and extinction" mapped himself out of favor. I have been struggling with this "gain" and "loss". After reaching the realm of epiphany, "I move, my soul flies, and suddenly I am surprised and long." -only to find that all this is just a dream.
The last paragraph shows his disdain for the dark court and his free and easy personality. The first sentence expresses the unpredictable and slightly negative thoughts of the world. The second sentence is about the poet's idea of escaping from the dark and dirty real world. And "Oh, how can I seriously bow and scrape to high-ranking people and people in high positions? They will never stand being shown a sincere face!" I spit out the depression of Chang 'an for three years. The pen falling from the sky lit up the theme of the whole poem.
Purpose: Despise the dignitaries as their agents, be dissatisfied with the reality, be unyielding in secular rebellion, be eager to help the poor and secure the country, and assist the wise monarch to govern the world.