(1) white skin type
Macropetaloid species:
Cangshan garlic is a local variety in Cangshan County, Shandong Province, with a long planting history. It is one of the famous vegetables in Shandong Province and an important export variety of garlic in China.
At present, Cangshan garlic is planted in three strains: Puke, coarse garlic and high pepper. It has the characteristics of large head and few petals, thin and white skin, spicy and delicious, high yield and high quality. Among them, the cultivation area of Puke strain is the largest. Generally, the plant height is 80 ~ 90 cm, the height of the pseudostem is about 35 cm, and there are 10 ~ 12 leaves. The length of garlic bolt is 60 ~ 80 cm, the average weight of a single garlic bolt is 25 ~ 35 g, the transverse diameter of garlic bolt is about 4.5 cm, and each garlic bolt has 6 petals, with white skin and three layers inside and outside, and the endothelium of each petal is reddish. Mid-late maturity, wide adaptability, strong cold resistance, good growth and storage resistance. This is a variety that can be used for bolting and garlic. Generally, it produces 800 ~ 1000 kg of fresh garlic, about 500 kg of young garlic, and the young garlic is thick.
Jinxiang white garlic is artificially selected from garlic in the former Soviet Union. The plant of this variety is tall, the plant height is 85cm, the diameter of pseudostem is1.5 ~ 2.0cm, the pseudostem height is 40cm ~ 50cm, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are more than 50cm long and the leaves are 3 ~ 4cm wide. Garlic stems are thin, yellow-green, with little fiber, good quality and poor storage resistance. Bulb hypertrophy, transverse diameter of 4.5 ~ 7.0 cm, single head weight of 45 ~ 80 grams, white garlic skin, moderate spicy taste. Mainly produces light bulbs.
There are no local varieties of bolting garlic in Shanghai. The plant is large, with strong growth potential, no bolting, and the garlic is large, with 8 ~ 10 petals per head. When harvesting, try not to damage the leaves or make the leaf sheath lodging, so as not to affect the manufacture and transportation of nutrients and reduce the garlic yield.
Jiading white garlic, a local variety in Jiading, Shanghai, has been cultivated for more than 700 years. It is one of the garlic export varieties with a long history and a large export volume in China.
There are two strains of Jiading white garlic, Jiading 1 and Jiading No.2. Their common characteristics are that garlic is plump, white in color, crisp and tender in meat, and rich in spicy taste, which is famous for its white, spicy and crisp. Among them, Jiading 1 white garlic has wide adaptability, good yield, long dormancy period and good storage and transportation resistance. Jiading No.2 has big garlic, strong garlic seedlings, high yield and early maturity. Generally, the whole growth period is 240 ~ 245 days. The plant height is about 85 cm, the height of the pseudostem is 25 ~ 30 cm, the diameter is 1.3 ~ 1.8 cm, the adult leaves are 13 ~ 15, green, straight, 35 ~ 50 cm long and1. Garlic stems are green, 35 ~ 50 cm long, 0.4 ~ 0.6 cm thick, and the weight of a single stem is 20 ~ 22 grams. Garlic is round, with 6-8 petals, 4-5cm in transverse diameter and 30-40g in weight. 600 ~ 700 kg of garlic and 250 ~ 300 kg of young garlic are produced per 667 square meters. Suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
The main variety of Sheyang garlic in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province was bred by Sheyang Garlic Research Institute after years of purification and rejuvenation of local white garlic. Mid-late maturity, growth period of 255 days. Strong cold resistance, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability.
The plant height is about 75 cm, and the development degree is moderate. The total number of leaves is 13, and there are 6 ~ 8 green leaves. Leaves erect, sword-shaped, dark green, slightly waxed, 48.5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. The pseudostem is stout, 35 cm high and 65438 0.5 cm thick. The stem length is 50 ~ 60 cm, the diameter is 0.85 cm, the fresh weight of a single stem is 30 ~ 40 g, the stem injury is less, the adhesion is fast, and it is resistant to storage. It can be stored in the modified atmosphere fresh-keeping warehouse until the fresh stem comes into the market in the next year without discoloration. The rate of processing and exporting first-class products is over 85%. Garlic is slightly oblate, with a transverse diameter of 3.8 ~ 4.5 cm and a height of 3.5 cm. Garlic skin is white, with 8 ~ 10 petals per head. Garlic petals are thick, each fresh weight is 50.5g, and the dry weight is 37g. Garlic has a strong and spicy taste and excellent quality. The ratio of garlic to processed garlic slices is 3.7∶ 1.
Jiyang white garlic is a peasant variety in Guangshui City, Hubei Province, with a long cultivation history. Generally, the plant height of white garlic in Jiyang is about 92 cm, with fleshy mesophyll, less fiber, strong fragrance and green color. The whole plant is 8 ~ 1 1 leaf, with long leaves and stout pseudostems, about 40 cm high. Garlic stems are thick and even, crisp and tender, 70 cm long, green and white, and the weight of a single stem is about 35 grams. Garlic is white, thin-skinned, juicy, moderately spicy and of high quality. The single head weighs about 39 grams, and 8-9 garlic cloves are arranged in a single wheel, and the garlic cloves are nearly triangular. The whole growth period is 235 ~ 255 days, and both young garlic shoots and garlic heads are harvested. Strong adaptability, relative disease resistance, cold resistance and heat resistance. Generally, 350-500 kilograms of garlic bolts and 300-700 kilograms of garlic heads are produced every 667 square meters.
Small petal variety:
White-skinned horse-tooth garlic, a variety of farmers in Nong 'an and Jilin. The plant is erect, with long and narrow leaves, white garlic skin, 8-9 petals per head, more than 10 petals, and long and narrow garlic petals. Spicy taste is light and the quality is excellent. The growth period is long and the bolting rate is low. It is a mid-late maturing variety, suitable for pickling and garlic seedling cultivation.
The white garlic plant in Lhasa grows vigorously, with large bulbs and white garlic skin, with more than 20 petals per head and more than 30 petals, each weighing 250 grams. The aboveground parts are easy to branch during growth. Garlic has strong adaptability, low bolting rate and storage resistance, and is suitable for planting in alpine regions.
(2) purple skin type
Purple garlic plants in caijiapo, Shaanxi Province have strong growth potential, dark green leaves and are relatively cold-resistant. Bulb expansion requires moderate sunshine length, wide leaves, long leaf sheaths and thick garlic bolts. The bulb skin is purplish red, the average single head weight is about 60 grams, and the transverse diameter is 4.5 ~ 6 cm. Large petal species, 7 ~ 8 petals per head. Spicy, strong and of good quality. Early maturity and high yield, suitable for cultivation of green garlic, young garlic and garlic, is the main cultivated variety in Shaanxi Province.
Garlic plants in Acheng, Heilongjiang Province have strong growth potential, dark green leaves and strong garlic shoots. The bulb skin is purplish red, with an average single head weight of about 25 grams and a transverse diameter of 3 ~ 5 cm. Large petal species, 5 ~ 7 petals per head. Spicy taste, thick garlic juice and good quality. Early maturity and cold tolerance. It is the main cultivated variety in Heilongjiang Province.
Garlic plants in Kaiyuan, Liaoning Province have strong growth potential and dark green leaves. The bulb skin is purplish red, and the single head weighs 35 ~ 60 grams. Large petal species, 4 ~ 6 petals per head. Crispy and spicy, good quality.
Sichuan Ershui Jujube, also known as Chengdu Ershui Jujube and Erzao Jujube, is a local variety in Jintang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and a special variety for young garlic shoots. In recent years, introduction and cultivation have been carried out everywhere. The plant has strong growth potential, and its height is about 65 cm. The blade is sword-shaped, upright and stout, 38 cm long and 2.4 cm wide, with dark green color and more wax powder. Green garlic grows fast and has high yield before winter. After spring, it turns green and grows early and fast. Garlic bolts are stout, of good quality, light green in color, purple in skin, crisp and tender in texture, short in white and even in thickness. Garlic has 8 ~ 9 petals, which are arranged neatly and purple in color, and easily turn brown after drying. 100 petals weigh about 180 grams. Early maturity, the growth period is about 2 10 days. Compared with heat resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, it has wide adaptability, no premature aging and good quality. The yield of green garlic per 667m2 is 2000-2500kg; Garlic planting produces 300 ~ 400 kg of garlic bolts per 667 m2, and garlic is about 300 kg.
Tianjin Baodi six-petal red plant has strong growth potential, dark green leaves and purple bulb skin. Large petal species, 6 ~ 7 petals per head. Garlic bolting is thick, fleshy and early. The maximum weight of a single head is 60 ~ 70g.
Jinxiang purple garlic is also known as hybrid garlic, improved garlic and Su garlic. It was introduced into China from the former Soviet Union. The plant of this variety is tall, the plant height is 85 cm, the false stem diameter is 1.5 ~ 2.0 cm, and the false stem height is 40 ~ 50 cm. The leaves are dark green, more than 50 cm long and 3 ~ 4 cm wide. Garlic stems are thin, yellow-green, with little fiber, good quality and poor storage resistance. Bulb hypertrophy, transverse diameter 4.5 ~ 7.0 cm, single head weight 45 ~ 80 grams, garlic skin red, medium spicy. Mainly produces garlic.
In addition, some local varieties such as Shandong Jiaxiang purple garlic, Hebei Dingxian purple garlic, Shanghai Jiading garlic, Zhejiang Hangzhou white garlic, Yunnan Genting early garlic are still in use in production. Jiangsu Dafeng March Yellow, Guizhou Bijie White Garlic, Hebei Yongnian Garlic, Shanxi Yingxian Garlic, Henan Linying Song Cheng White Garlic, etc. They are all famous export varieties.
In addition, garlic is similar to common garlic in morphology and cultivation. But its garlic and garlic petals are very large, which can bolt and bloom, and there are few living bulbs on the inflorescence. Each garlic has 5 ~ 10 petals, and there are many small bulbs at the base of the bulb. Bulbs can also be used as propagation materials, but because the plants are small, bolting will not be carried out or postponed in the next year.