Affinity refers to the ability of rootstock and scion to heal after grafting. Generally speaking, the closer the kinship, the stronger the affinity and the higher the grafting survival rate.
Second, select rootstocks and scions with strong vitality.
Viability is related to the nutrients accumulated in the vegetative organs of rootstocks and scions. The more nutrients accumulated by vegetative organs, the stronger their viability. Therefore, before grafting, the water and fertilizer management of rootstocks should be strengthened to accumulate more nutrients, and scions should choose mature branches with full bud eyes.
Third, choose the best grafting opportunity.
Grafting of branches should generally be carried out in early spring before germination of fruit trees, because rootstocks and scions are rich in tissue at this time, and temperature and humidity are also conducive to the vigorous division of cambium and accelerate wound healing. Bud grafting should be carried out in the slow growth period, and it is best to survive grafting this year and sprout into seedlings next spring.
Fourth, use plant hormones to promote healing.
Treating scions with plant hormones before grafting, such as soaking them in 200-300PPM NAA for 6-8 hours, can promote the activity of cambium, thus promoting wound healing and improving the survival rate of grafting.
Five, standardize the technical operation of grafting, the action should be rapid, the rootstock and scion should be cut in strict accordance with the technology, the joint surface should be smooth, so that the cambium of rootstock and scion can be closely connected, and the binding should be moderately elastic and untied in time.
Splitting method: when the rootstock has 6-8 true leaves and the scion has 5-7 true leaves, the stem is semi-lignified and the stem is 3-5 cm thick, splitting is carried out, the split rootstock keeps 2 true leaves, and the upper part is removed, then the rootstock is vertically cut into the middle of the stem with a depth of 1~ 1.5 cm, and then the scion eggplant seedlings are pulled down.
Docking mode: 4-5 true leaves of rootstock, with height above 12 cm, and 3-4 scions. The rootstock incision is selected between the second true leaf and the third true leaf, with an angle of 30-40 degrees, a length of 1~ 1.5 cm and a width of 1/ stem diameter. The angle, length and width are the same as that of the rootstock incision, then the tongue-shaped incision of the scion is inserted into the rootstock incision to make the two incisions overlap, the two incisions are fixed with a grafting clip, and then the grafted seedlings are put into a nutrient bowl to cultivate water and soil, and immediately put into a plastic arch shed. Attachment method: the leaves are obliquely cut above the two true leaves of the rootstock, the length of the inclined plane is 1~ 1.5 cm, and the angle is 30~40 degrees, and the top is removed; The scion keeps 2~3 true leaves, cuts them into the inclined plane opposite to the rootstock (removes the lower end), then sticks them together with the rootstock, fixes them with clips, and immediately puts them into the plastic arch shed.
Bud grafting method: it is mostly carried out in the growing season, and the rootstock is 1~2-year-old seedlings. Cut the rhizome cortex into a "T" shape, and uncover the cortex to both sides along the incision. The scion should choose the middle bud of the annual robust branch, cut the xylem 1~2 mm horizontally above the bud, and then cut the bud vertically from the scion to form a shield-shaped bud piece. Insert the shield bud into the incision of the rootstock, align it with the cambium, and then wrap it tightly with a film strip.
Pin connection. Needle grafting is a new grafting method, which uses a needle with hexagonal cross section, diameter of 0.5 mm and length of 65438 0.5 cm to connect scion and rootstock. Grafting needles are made of ceramics and do not affect the growth of plants in the body. The working tool of this transplantation method also includes a double-sided blade and a needle insertion device. When the needle grafting method is adopted, the grafted seedlings of solanaceae vegetables are slightly larger. Generally, there are 2-3 true leaves in the scion and 3-4 true leaves in the rootstock. Cut the rootstock and scion horizontally between the cotyledon and the first true leaf, insert half of the needles into the rootstock and the other half into the scion with a needle insertion device, so that the two sections overlap.