2. In classical Chinese, the word 1 is used to indicate choice.
1. development: recruited by the central government office, then recommended and appointed as an official position.
2. Except: appointment and award (generally referring to dismissal of old post and award of new post).
Such as ①: Seek favor from Mongolia, except for courtiers and horses.
3. Inspection: recommendation and election after inspection.
4. Recommendation: The local authorities recommend people with good conduct to the central authorities for official positions.
5. Example: Local authorities recommend people with good conduct to the Central Committee for official positions.
: After stabbing Shang Shurong scholar.
6. Grant: Grant an official position.
7. Selection: Appoint official positions through recommendation or imperial examination.
8. from: re-enabled, any official position.
9. Reply: Restore the original post. For example, Shun Di at the beginning, and then back to Taishiling.
10. Conscription: Celebrities are recruited by the imperial court to fill official positions. Recruit, especially ministers.
1 1. Official. For example:
12. Official: Official. For example, you are a big family and an official in Taige.
13. Shi Jin: Official.
14. Ren: Responsible.
3. I don't know if these 120 classical Chinese entity words mastered in high school can help you.
Classical Chinese occupies half of the Chinese reading part of the college entrance examination, which is equally divided with modern Chinese reading. With the comprehensive promotion and deepening of the second phase of curriculum reform, the investigation of classical Chinese will gradually increase. Classical Chinese reading is more difficult than modern Chinese, and it is also the part where students lose the most points, which is easy for students to open the gap. Therefore, many high school students are confused when reviewing classical Chinese. In this regard, I suggest you be familiar with the test sites. Examination Notes describes the investigation of classical Chinese as follows: "Can explain common classical Chinese words, identify common classical Chinese sentence patterns, and translate classical Chinese sentences in modern Chinese; Can write a certain number of famous sentences in classical Chinese silently. "
Explain common classical Chinese vocabulary.
The so-called common classical Chinese words are the classical Chinese words that often appear in our texts, and the so-called "explanation of common classical Chinese words" mainly refers to content words. At present, there are three versions of H, S and new textbooks in Shanghai, but no matter which version, the traditional classic titles are always required, and there are common content words in classical Chinese in the traditional classic titles. Therefore, our classmates must be familiar with the text and move. The so-called explanation of content words in classical Chinese in the college entrance examination paper is nothing more than the common content words in classical texts. According to statistics, there are 120 commonly used notional words in classical Chinese:
Love, safety, quilt, double, base, lightness, soldier, illness, inspection, Korea, Zeng, Cheng, sincerity, exclusion, rhetoric, obedience, danger, courtesy, Tao, virtue, degree, injustice, recovery, negative, cover, reason, solidity, protection, return, country and transition. Genus, number, rate, speaking, person, element, soup, crying, disciple, death, king, hope, evil, slight, informed, phase, gratitude, faith, honor, behavior, luck, repair, Xu, Xu, Yang, Yao, Yi, Yin and Right.
In addition, there are common usages of function words in classical Chinese, which also belong to the scope of investigation. Classical Chinese function words are more complex, flexible and diverse than real words, and it is difficult to distinguish and grasp them. There are 18 commonly used function words in classical Chinese, namely: knowledge, qi, two, then, meaning, nai, Yu, zhe, cause, leaf, Hu, Yan, harmony, micro, if, qi and suo.
Identify common classical Chinese sentence patterns
Common sentence patterns in classical Chinese are judgmental sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences, inverted sentences and fixed sentences. Especially inverted sentences, including prepositional object, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, adverbial postposition, verb inversion and so on. The probability of being investigated is very high. Students can classify the sentences in the text according to the characteristics of various sentence patterns, so as to be familiar with the text (so-called dragnet review) and identify and master common classical Chinese sentence patterns.
Translation of Chinese Classical Sentences
In fact, this is an investigation of the comprehensive application ability of candidates' classical Chinese, including both content words and function words; Not only are parts of speech used flexibly (nouns are verbs, verbs are nouns, adjectives are verbs, adjectives are nouns, causative usage, intentional usage, etc.). ), including the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese, and the ability of candidates to use modern Chinese to organize language. The translation of classical Chinese sentences generally depends on the setting of scores, judging how many points to give, generally, one point is 1, and then judging which key substantive words must be explained and what special grammatical phenomena the sentence contains, all of which must be reflected through translation and must be well understood, otherwise there will be no great victory in countless minds and puzzles.
Be able to write China's classic works by heart.
The college entrance examination is generally five sentences and four sentences, with a score of 4. Both in and out of class. Pay equal attention to prose and poetry. Pay attention to the three versions of cross-reciting articles in class. At present, the titles of the three versions are: Shi Shuo, Drinking, Pipa Xing (the second paragraph), Tianmu Mountain Dream Ascending to Heaven, Jixiang Xuanzhi (the first paragraph) and Six Kingdoms. After class, there are mainly well-known famous sayings. We must pay attention to the phenomenon of multiple words, missing words and changing words, and there must be no typos. You know, if one word is wrong, the whole score of 1 will be gone, and all previous efforts will be in vain. The dictation of famous classical Chinese sentences is mainly to examine the accumulated attitude of our classmates.
In this way, it is not aimless to get to know yourself and review classical Chinese.
4. Choose 200 words in classical Chinese and make a routine "interpretation": An: 1, How to (ask them to go to Wan Li Road) 2, Support (have no worries about food and clothing) 2, Humble: 1, Low (unnatural) 2, Low status (the first emperor had no intention of being a minister) 3. All the highlights are for "ventriloquism") 3. get ready I have to prepare breakfast "Stone Gull". Be: 1, influence (in the afterlife) 2, the same as "wearing", wearing (full embroidery) 5. Obsession: 1, boundary (there are two monks in Shu who despise learning) 2. Obsession and shortsightedness (carnivores despise Cao Gui debate) 3. Born in the wild (the first emperor had no intention of being a teacher) 6. Bi: 1。 Approaching. The story of Yueyang Tower in the twilight) 2. Despise (It is not appropriate to belittle the model) 3. Small thickness. (as thin as money's trap) 8. Policy: 1. Whip. (Ma Shuo). Whip and drive .. length. The length of the ship is about eight minutes. ) 2. as opposed to "short". I bought a whip "Mulan Poetry" in Beijing Normal University. ) 3. long-term health. I wish people a bright moon for a long time. ) 4. forever. (The deceased was in Stone Trencher. ) 5. Zheng, the highest ranking. For the family of Governor Chen She) 10. Say: 1, quite, cooperate (say he is stingy/can't say it before) 2. Zan (the first emperor called it energy) 1 1. Sincerity: 1, sincerity (. The Han Dynasty flourished) 12. Punishment: 1. Suffering (punishing the northern part of the mountain "Yugong Mountain") 2. Punishment: 13. Pool: 1. Riding a horse (willing to gallop thousands of miles) 2. Drive (drive) (people will gallop) (mute out of Zhejiang Pavilion every year to teach sailors to read) 4. Generate (planned out) 15. Remarks: 1. Decline (I was told to do a lot of things in the army) 2. Language (never slightly degraded) 16. Times: 1. Edit. () Stop while traveling or marching. (In the temple next to Wu) 17. Y: 1。 Put it in a bamboo basket (such people are afraid to eat pot pulp) 2. In ancient times, a round bamboo basket for rice (a handful of vegetables and a bowl of bean soup)1836016 (Mulan's Mulan Poetry) 5. Value, existence. (At that time, all counties suffered from the "Chen She family" of the Qin Dynasty) 6. Resist. ("unbelievable") 19. Road: 1, road. It will rain heavily, but the road will be impassable. "The Chen She family" talks about it. (Outsiders don't think it's enough, and so does Peach Blossom Garden) 20. Get: 1, can (can't have both) 2. Get, get (so you can't get) 3. Like "virtue", be grateful (those who know how to help the poor get me) 2 1 etc. : 65438. Table Most (Waiting for Rain) 22. Enemy: 1, attack (afraid of being attacked by your own enemy "wolf" before and after) 2. Enemy (cover the "wolf" that lures the enemy) 23. Hang: 1, hang (show me the king's tomb) 2. Comfort (everyone hangs up) 24 Right end of the picture frame (left hand holding the scroll end) 2. Right straight (the human visual end is silent) 26. Evil: 1, how (evil can be undisciplined) 2. Aversion (more evil than the dead) 27. Send: 1, action launched (four foreigners dare not send) 2. M Yu Yuyang 900 people) 5, open (wild incense) 6, hair (instant hair, all wonderful) 7, fā, hair (yellow hair drooping happy) 28. Where: 1, where (the soil of several States) 2, the total * * * (where three go) 29. Square: 1, square (square 700 miles) 2, rectangle (square length) 3. Distribution. (Must be divided into "Cao Gui Debate") 3. Unit of length. (About eight minutes long, with a strange "nuclear ship") 4. Fèn, position, responsibility. (Loyalty to Your Majesty is also a model) 3 1. Quote: 1. Serve (wives and concubines) II. Accept and carry out (an order from danger) 3. Support (I wonder if the mouth is like a person) 32. Number: 65433. J Shengqi/Rove has her own husband) 4. A general term for adult men, called (the holder's third husband) 34. Fu: 1, along (and then help "Peach Blossom Garden") 2. Help (going abroad to help the general "Mulan Ci") 35. Fu 1, violation, violation. Auxiliary (if you enter, there will be no legalist school) 3. Give it a gentle brush (by hand). Fu: 1. Bless, bless (God bless) 2. Good things (why not be blessed) 37. Fu: 1. Rich (and warehouse) more (rich family and good horse) 38. More: 1, again-(that is, more scratching each other's eyes) 2, further (drunkenness is more pillow-lying) 3, mutual (celebration) 4, again-(by going up a storey still higher) 5, more (returning with sorrow and joy, although we drown our sorrows with wine) 39. Gou: 1。 Express hope (no hunger and thirst) 40. Solidity: 1. The original (curing everyone's injured Zhong Yong) 2. Stubborn, stubborn (solidify your inner "Gong Yu Mountain") 3. Certainty, certainty (and wake are impregnable) 4. Consolidate (consolidate the country without risking mountains and rivers) 5. Be safe.
5. Qiu 120 classical Chinese notional words 18 classical Chinese functional words refer to adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and onomatopoeic words in classical Chinese. It plays an auxiliary role in sentences, which has no practical significance, but it helps to express the meaning more accurately, concretely and completely.
18 function words in classical Chinese for college entrance examination, 18 short story of function words in classical Chinese for senior high school, and function words in classical Chinese for junior high school: two, harmony, Hu, Nai, Qi, harmony, if, suo, Wei, Yan, Ye, Yi, Cause, Yu, Harmony and Ze.
Source /wenyanxuci/
Definition of notional words in classical Chinese: notional words refer to words with real meaning, which can act as sentence components independently and can generally answer questions independently. Words that cannot be used as sentence components are called function words. Now, based on function, it is believed that notional words with lexical and grammatical meanings can act as syntactic components alone, but not as syntactic components, only function words with grammatical meanings.
Content words are subdivided into nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, pronouns, onomatopoeias and exclamations. Function words are subdivided into adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and onomatopoeia. Adverb is a kind of half-empty and half-real word. )
Mastering more words in classical Chinese is the key to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. When learning the notional words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to its four main grammatical features: interchangeable words, different meanings in ancient and modern times, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech.
There are 120 commonly used notional words in classical Chinese:
Love, safety, quilt, double, base, lightness, soldier, illness, inspection, Korea, Zeng, Cheng, sincerity, exclusion, rhetoric, obedience, danger, courtesy, Tao, virtue, degree, injustice, recovery, negative, cover, reason, solidity, protection, return, country and transition. Genus, number, rate, speaking, person, element, soup, crying, disciple, death, king, hope, evil, slight, informed, phase, gratitude, faith, honor, behavior, luck, repair, Xu, Xu, Yang, Yao, Yi, Yin and Right.
6. Interpretation of classical Chinese content words, choose the wrong item A, if you want to die for your son, there is nothing to say: refuse to choose the answer from B.
The original sentence is from Pu Songling's "Promoting Weaving" (selected from Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio). "Fu", like "Fu", means to cover up and is a common word.
(Fame) Grabbing crickets with the palm of your hand, you feel empty-handed as if there is nothing. Item A comes from Xin Lingjun stealing symbols to save Zhao (historical records), and it is correct to interpret "ci" as "refusal".
Ruji wanted to work hard for her son, so she didn't refuse at all. Item B comes from Feng Wanzhen (clearing money).
"Go" means: "Distance" is correct. There is a forest four miles from the village.
Item D comes from "Therefore" in Bai Juyi's Pipa Line (Parallel Order): it is correct to interpret it as "aging". My face is getting older every day.
7. Classical Chinese 180 notional words 120 notional words in classical Chinese (1) 1- love 1 Aiko, choose a teacher and teach (love) 2 Qin loves luxury, and people miss home (like, like) 3 Qi is small, but.
Hide) 2- An 1 The wind and rain don't move, why should Anrushan (stable) 2 put people in a secluded place? (Safe) 3 Then rest for one night (Comfortable) 4. It is best to be peaceful and make a good alliance (comfort) 5. Wang Ping camped ten miles from the mountain. The general greeted him, and he wanted to be safe. Food and clothing (medical care) 8. He make-safe) 3- 65438 times when he came. Double) 3 How to accompany Zheng with dead neighbors (through "double", increase) 4 Every festive season, I miss my relatives (more and more). "Sun Tzu's Art of War, Tactics and Raiders" said: "The method of using soldiers: ten encirclement, five attacks, and different times; The enemy can fight, few can escape, and cannot be avoided. "
That is, the general principles and methods of using force are: surround the enemy when the strength is ten times that of the enemy, attack the enemy when the strength is five times that of the enemy, and divide the enemy when the strength is twice that of the enemy, thus creating absolute superiority and then destroying it all. When you are evenly matched with the enemy, you have the ability to defeat the enemy; when the number is less than the enemy, you have the ability to scratch the enemy ("escape" means "pick" and practice means "catch"); when your strength is weaker than the enemy, you have the ability to avoid the enemy.
) 4- Being 1 Yu, Tang being (bitter, bitter) 2 believing and seeing doubt, being loyal and being slandered, can there be no resentment (passive, auxiliary) 3 The general's body is determined and fierce (wearing it or putting it on his body) 4 being put (wearing it, wandering) for 5 days and nights. According to) 3 books are in the south of Jizhou (originally, originally). It is hard to waste today. It is not difficult to record the manuscript (version, manuscript) halfway. It has its own chapter (a memorial or letter from a courtier to the emperor). 6 If you stop printing three or two books (quantifiers, units of measurement of books). 7 This is called losing one's original heart (natural kindness). 8 books do not fall (roots) and so on. ) 9 Suppress the trace of its success or failure (investigate its origin and examine its right and wrong) 6- contempt 1 There are two monks in Shu, one is poor and the other is rich (frontier, noun) 2. I didn't know the general was so generous (vulgar, shallow, vulgar, described) 3. I don't know taboos.
(I, a compound word, boasting modesty) 4 Confucius despised his trifles (contempt, verb) 7- Soldiers 1 Receiving soldiers from various countries and assembling Xianyang (weapons, ordnance) 2 Zhao Yisheng stationed troops for Qin, but Qin dared not move (soldiers, troops) 3. So he went to the army to make a plan. Secondly, he cut (operational strategy, strategy) 4. Bing Gu's syndrome) 8- disease 1 Jun's disease is in the skin, but he doesn't treat me (disease, noun) 2. If you don't wait on me, you will be ill for a long time. Not as smooth as Duke Zhou, my illness is also (wrong, shortcoming, noun) 4. Fan is in power, the wealth of governors is heavy, while Zheng people are. Today people criticize frugality (resentment, shame, verbs) 9-examine it 1 Xu, and then all the stones at the foot of the mountain (look carefully and observe) 2. Looking at your opinions, I just want to miss the general (careful investigation) 3. Although we can't visit, we must (understand and clarify) four more people. Adjective) 5 Ming is enough to see the end of autumn (see clearly). 6 people can see no fish (smart, adjective)1chaochá o1chaotian (zhā o in the morning) 2 Like every dynasty, it is often called sick (see the court, worship). 3 Strong countries please take it, and weak countries enter the DPRK (see the court). So I went to the imperial court to see Wang Wei (the imperial court) 5. I gave my heart to him for six years, but I didn't listen to the imperial court (the government) 7. Sitting south facing north (yes, direction, verb) 11Zeng1can't destroy a hair of a mountain (adverb, used for emphasis, sometimes equivalent to "Lian-"adverb) 3. Hou Sheng once sent me a sentence (unexpectedly, adverb) Top 4 2007- It used to be a family (riding a horse with a relative who has been separated from him for two generations), taking advantage of the situation to kill the world (taking advantage of the situation), taking a snowstorm (riding the wind and waves, verbs) from Beijing to Chen, taking six or seven hundred cars, (Sheng quantifier, one car and four horses in ancient times were one ride), taking a trip to Hubei and Bamboo, looking back (boarding), taking Wei Xian, taking twenty cows (Sheng Si, numeral). It is a last resort (indeed, indeed, adverb) 3 Now the general can command tens of thousands of soldiers (indeed, if, conjunctions) 4 Sincerity (sincerely, adjectives)14-dawn, sweeping the court (steps, nouns) 2. Eliminate the residue and filth for the Han family (except, except) 3. Repair) 5. Give the right prime minister and Tang dynasty ambassador (official position) 6. Help officials remove (between the curtains, nouns) 15- word 1. Hou Sheng once sent me a message without a word. They are all good words, but they are called Fu Jian (word, literature) 3. Use the court as an excuse. Farewell) 6 Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci (an ancient literary style) 7 Gifts (paying attention to small concessions) 8 Being knowledgeable and talented, knowing troubled times, and being good at rhetoric (rhetoric, words of entertainment) 9 The king of Qin was afraid that he would break the wall, but he politely refused (politely declined, politely apologized) 10 (used as an order) 2 I did as he planned.
8. It is meaningful to sort out the meanings of notional words and function words in classical Chinese 136 notional words 15 notional words, which can be used as sentence components alone. Generally speaking, notional words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. There are a large number of notional words in classical Chinese, and mastering more notional words in classical Chinese is to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. Special attention should be paid to its three main grammatical features: first, polysemy; second, the ancient and modern changes in the meaning of words; and third, the flexible use of parts of speech. Function words have no practical meaning, so they can't be used as sentence components and can't answer questions alone. (A few adverbs such as "no", "may" and "no" can answer the question alone), and they can only make sentences with content words. Function words include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and interjections. Although function words in classical Chinese only account for a small part of the whole vocabulary, their grammatical functions are great. Many sentence patterns in classical Chinese are marked by function words, such as the decisive sentence "... also" and the passive sentence "Wei". Suo "Other function words are frequently used in classical Chinese. In addition, its interpretation is quite flexible. The main commonly used function words are: knowledge, strangeness, Yu, Yi, Er, Ze, Nai, If, He, Zhe, Wei, Ran, Yes, Ben, Si, Bi, He, An, Zhe, Hu, Di, Although, However, Ran, Ran.