At the foot of Yongning Mountain in the west of Yixian County, Hebei Province, is the Qingxi Mausoleum, one of the three tombs of the Qing Dynasty, where four emperors, queens, brothers and princesses of the Qing Dynasty are buried. Among them, the largest and most legendary is the Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng period. In A.D. 1735 (Yongzheng 13), Yong Zhengdi died suddenly in Yuanmingyuan, the mainstay of Kang Yong's prosperous times, and was buried in the tomb of Qing Dynasty, which was first opened by him.
The mystery of Yongzheng's death
Asked about politics during the day and died suddenly in the early morning as usual.
Although there is no explanation, there is a clear record that Yong Zhengdi died of illness
According to folklore, Yongzheng, who was buried in the Tailing Underground Palace, had no head. When he was buried, he had to cast a golden head to preserve a complete body. Experts believe that this statement has a lot to do with Yongzheng's sudden death.
In the 13th year of Yongzheng (AD 1735), Yong Zhengdi, who was still in power during the day, died suddenly in Yuanmingyuan.
According to official records such as the imperial palace, as early as the seventh year of Yongzheng, the emperor was seriously ill. Although he has improved since then, his body has not fully recovered. After August of the 13th year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng was seriously ill, but he never stopped going into politics. On the evening of August 22nd, Yongzheng's illness suddenly worsened and he died in the early morning.
Official records confirm that he died of illness. Since then, some people have determined that Yongzheng died of a stroke according to the records of his illness in the literature.
Three days after his father's death, Qianlong ordered the expulsion of Taoist priests. Some people think that
Yongzheng's sudden death was due to drug poisoning.
The old emperor has just died, and politics, funerals and so on are naturally complicated. However, on the third day after the death of Yongzheng, the new king Ganlong specially ordered that Zhang Taixu, a Taoist priest raised in Yuanmingyuan during Yongzheng, be expelled from the country and ordered them not to reveal a word about the situation in the palace. Gan Long's strict attitude towards Taoist priests made people guess that his father's death was probably related to these Taoist priests.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng, after Yin Zhen became ill, he ordered his confidant minister to "pay attention to visiting, have a good doctor in internal surgery, or a person with profound monastic life, or a Taoist priest, or a Confucian scholar and layman who preached and taught, and send them to Beijing with preferential treatment. I am useful. "
Yongzheng usually likes to eat Dan medicine, which can be seen from his poem "Burning Dan". He also rebuilt the Taoist temple for Ziyang Taoist, and invited Taoist Zhang Taixu and Wang Dinggan to the Yuanmingyuan to make an alchemy in order to prolong life.
It has been recorded in the Foreign Discipline of the Qing Emperor that "it is only said that the collapse of Sejong (Yongzheng) was caused by practicing Dan bait, or there were reasons". Therefore, many historians believe that Yongzheng was "poisoned by bait pills", but "this statement is quite reasonable, but it is a deduction and cannot be concluded." To determine the real cause of death of Yongzheng, we need excellent data.
The secret of choosing another mausoleum site
The Dongling site cannot be sent to Yongning Mountain.
After the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing, Changrui Mountain in Zunhua, Hebei Province was selected as the mausoleum area. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 166 1 year), the mausoleum was built here, and Yongzheng's grandfather Shunzhi and father Kangxi were buried.
Why did Yongzheng bury himself in yi county, now that the mausoleum has been decided? Yong Zhengdi's mausoleum was originally chosen in chao yang shan, Jiu Feng, Dongling, but he thought that it was "large in scale and incomplete in shape, and the soil in the cave was filled with gravel, so it was really unusable", so he sent someone to find another auspicious place, while Yongning Mountain was "the land where Gankun Jumei met, the place where Yin and Yang met, and the sand and water in Longdong." Therefore, it is convenient to build a mausoleum here in the eighth year of Yongzheng.
After my death, I was ashamed to see my father. Find an excuse to change places.
But there is no suitable place for Dongling to choose Xiling, which is only an official statement. There is also a popular saying that Yongzheng tampered with his father Kangxi's testamentary edict and became emperor, so he dared not be buried next to his father after his death, so he made an excuse to open another mausoleum.
After Emperor Qianlong, the son of Yongzheng, ascended the throne, he made it a rule that the emperor and his son would not be buried in one place, and the mausoleum would be built alternately in the East and West Mausoleums. Some people think that this rule is a cover-up for his father, so that Xiling doesn't catch a cold.
The mystery of inheritance
Although all those who changed the imperial edict pointed to Yongzheng's usurpation.
The legitimacy of Yongzheng's succession is controversial, and this doubt is unparalleled among all emperors. The debate is mainly divided into two factions. One group thinks that Kangxi doesn't want to pass the throne to Yongzheng, who is plotting to usurp the throne.
First, Yongzheng changed the imperial edict. This is the most popular folk saying. It is said that Kangxi wanted to pass the throne to the fourteen sons, but the four sons secretly changed the word "ten" in the imperial edict to "imperial" and turned it into "passing it to the four sons".
Second, Roncodo changed his edict. When Kangxi was seriously ill, he ordered fourteen sons of Xining to return to Beijing to inherit the throne. However, Longkeduo, the commander-in-chief of Ayumi Tokitoh Army, did not issue a testamentary edict. After the death of Kangxi, Longkodo forged the imperial edict and put Yin Zhen on the throne.
Third, Longkodo changed another version of the imperial edict. After the death of Kangxi, Longkodo quickly took out the imperial edict hidden there from behind the "fair and square" plaque and changed the "fourteen sons" to "four sons".
Fourth, Yongzheng poisoning theory. When Kangxi was seriously ill, his fourth son, Yin Zhen, entered a bowl of ginseng chicken soup. Kangxi drank it and died.
Five, Nian Gengyao said to change a letter. The imperial edict was still the imperial edict, but the tamper became Nian Gengyao, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi.
The testamentary edict makes it very clear that the original document cannot be denied.
Another school of scholars believes that Yongzheng's succession was decided by Kangxi and no one tampered with it. He is the legal heir.
The existing testamentary edict of Emperor Kangxi's succession to the throne clearly states that it will be transferred to Yin Zhen. This testamentary edict is an original file preserved in the Qing Dynasty, and it cannot be easily denied until evidence of usurpation is found.
Legend of unofficial history
Lv Siniang was assassinated?
According to folklore, Yongzheng was stabbed to death by Lv Siniang, a chivalrous woman. Books such as The Thirteen Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty and The Legacy of the Qing Dynasty all have interpretations of Yongzheng's assassination.
Lv Siniang is the daughter (granddaughter) of Lv Liuliang. Lv Liuliang was slaughtered by Yongzheng because of the literary inquisition, and many Lushi families were executed. After Lv Siniang escaped with his mother and a servant, he became an anonymous apprentice and practiced martial arts. Later, Lv Siniang Joe disguised himself, sneaked into the palace and took the opportunity to cut off Yongzheng's head. Yongzheng had a headless body in the underground palace.
Scholars believe that after the murder, the Lujia girls, regardless of gender, age and age, have been strictly forbidden, and even the graves of father and son are under close surveillance, so it is impossible for them to escape.
Murder of maid-in-waiting
Chai Calyx's Brahma Lu Conglu records that in the ninth year of Yongzheng, a palace maid, together with eunuchs Wu Shouyi and Huo Cheng, strangled Yongzheng with a rope while he was sleeping.
This anecdote obviously comes from the true story of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In the twenty-first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, maid-in-waiting Yang and others "waited for the emperor to sleep, tied the emperor's neck with a rope, and mistakenly thought it was a fast knot, which was endless." At this time, one of the ladies-in-waiting ran to report to the queen because of fear. When the queen arrived, she untied the rope around the emperor's neck and saved his life.
The temple names of Yongzheng and Jiajing are all "sejong". This story of Yongzheng being killed by a maid-in-waiting is a complete replica of Jiajing being strangled by a maid-in-waiting. So the saying that a maid-in-waiting strangled Yongzheng is that one replaces the other.
Cao Xueqin is poisoned?
In the book A Dream of Red Mansions published in recent years, the author verified that Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, had a lover named Joo Sang wook who entered the palace as Princess Bandu, but was occupied by Yin Zhen and became a queen. Cao Xueqin and Joo Sang wook conspired to poison Yongzheng with Dan medicine. Since then, Cao Xueqin has hidden this story in A Dream of Red Mansions, and twelve women such as Lin Daiyu are the embodiment of Joo Sang wook.
Another way of saying it: the death of Yongzheng has always been a historical mystery shrouded in mysterious fog. The official record of Yongzheng's death is very simple, so there has been a lot of speculation about his death. Legend has it that he was assassinated by Lv Siniang and hanged by maids and eunuchs. In addition, many scholars speculate that it is Dan medicine poisoning. Which of these statements are credible? Did the history of Yongzheng's death leave any clues? Recently, Mr. Sun Jinhengyuan, the eighth emperor of Kangxi, made a brand-new argument on this matter in his newly published book "The Original Qingyuan said Yongzheng". The reporter interviewed him about this. ▍? Mb？ !
As for the cause of Yongzheng's death, the historical records are very simple, only that Yongzheng was seriously ill in the palace of Yuanmingyuan the day before and critically ill the next afternoon. He called the minister urgently and died that night. What caused the death of Yongzheng is not recorded in historical materials. According to the private records of Zhang, the confidant minister of Yongzheng, Yongzheng bled seven times at that time, which made him "scared". The reason for Yongzheng's sudden death was not recorded in official books, which naturally aroused people's doubts. In addition, there were many legends and comments about him at that time, which easily aroused people's doubts, so various statements about dying came into being. % Tatar }T3z？
There is a saying that Lv Siniang, who escaped from the Lv Liuliang case, was stabbed to death in the palace. This is still quite popular today. 198 1 year, archaeologists once excavated the Yongzheng underground palace, but gave it up before opening it. But the society says that the coffin has been opened, and Yongzheng has a corpse without a head. Sorry, sorry.
So, what is the origin of Lv Siniang? Legend has it that Lv Siniang is the daughter of Lv Liuliang, and some people say that she is the daughter of Jinshi Lu Baozhong, and Lu Baozhong is the son of Lv Liuliang. In the case of Lv Liuliang, she fled with her mother and a servant to avenge her father and ancestors and learn martial arts. Later, she sneaked into the palace and killed Yongzheng. There is also a saying that her master was a monk. She used to be a swordsman in Yongzheng, but she didn't want to use it, so she left and trained this female disciple. 7? northwest
Mr. Jin Hengyuan thinks these statements are unreasonable. Yongzheng disposed of the Lu family, slaughtered their bodies and beheaded them, and all their grandchildren were sent to remote places as slaves. During the Qianlong period, some descendants of the Lujia family opened noodle shops, drug stores and practiced medicine, and some became donors. After being discovered by the Qing government, he was sent to Heilongjiang as a slave and later lived in Qiqihar. The descendants of Lu are all here, but they are strictly controlled and cannot move freely. Of course, they cannot avenge their ancestors. PZ？ Eight generals will fire%
It is impossible for Lv Siniang's master and servant to escape. Li Wei, the governor of Zhejiang Province who handled this matter at that time, was famous for being good at catching thieves. He was appointed to be in charge of the theft in Jiangsu. If Lv Liuliang's descendants escape, he naturally has the ability to pursue the case. In addition, he also set up a plaque for Lu Jia. After the Lu case, Yongzheng did not blame him. He was afraid, tried his best to deal with the relevant personnel, and would never let the descendants of the principal escape. ? E binjie t' ai
It is said that ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs tied ropes when they slept, that is, the people put the matter of Ming Sejong on Qing Sejong. Zp。 ; * Mine.
There is also a legend that in the ninth year of Yongzheng, maids-in-waiting eunuchs Wu Shouyi and Huo Cheng tied them to death with ropes while they were sleeping in Yongzheng, and were cured with the medicine of Doctor Zhang. P stalk? hBw？
Mr. Jin Hengyuan said it was a fake. A similar thing happened in the Ming Dynasty. In the twenty-first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1542), Sejong was killed by maid-in-waiting Yang and others, and recovered with the medicine of Xu Shen, a doctor who cured him too much. The temple names of Yongzheng and Jiajing are all "sejong". According to folklore, it is inevitable to put the things of Ming Sejong on Qing Sejong. W? Bribery |N
There is no data to show that Yongzheng was assassinated, but Jiaqing, the grandson of Yongzheng, was really assassinated. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), on February 20th, Jiaqing returned to ouchi from Yuanmingyuan, entered Shenwumen and reached Shunzhenmen. Suddenly, a flag bearer, Chen De, tried to assassinate him, but he was caught before he could get close. This assassination in the Forbidden City in the Palace may also become a version of the assassination of Yongzheng by assassins attached to the later generations. ? IK"u Kun？
Yongzheng was obsessed with the immortality of Taoism. Is the guess of Dan medicine poisoning credible? s？ d？
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, someone suggested: "The collapse of Sejong is said to be caused by practicing bait pills, or there may be reasons." Mr. Yang Naiji, a contemporary scholar, wrote circumstantial evidence of Dan medicine poisoning death in Yong Zhengdi through the first-hand materials such as "Each made a contribution to clear the archives" collected by the General Office of the Qing Dynasty Interior Office in the First Historical Archives of China. Mr. Jin Hengyuan thinks that Mr. Yang Naiji's statement is objective and credible. T[(？ Melon? h？
Yongzheng is a good Buddha. He worshipped Taoism when he was young. After becoming emperor, he was very busy seeking immortals to visit Taoism and seek immortality. He not only invited Taoist priests into the palace, but also hoped that the palace where he lived could imitate the famous Buddhist temple and Taoist immortal view, including the surrounding environment, so as to facilitate imitation. It can be seen that he is almost obsessed with Taoist immortal theory. b？ Z$？ Xi'an
According to a historical document, there was "seven holes bleeding" on the day of Yongzheng's guest residence Seven-hole bleeding is a serious reflection of poisoning. Yongzheng took pills refined by Taoist priests and the so-called "elixir of life" for a long time. These pills contain high content of mercury, lead, cinnabar and other minerals, and they are all calcined at high temperature and very hot. After Yun Xiang's brother died, it was reasonable for Yongzheng to take Dan medicine in greater doses in order to live forever. Iz？ X& furnace
Before Qianlong officially ascended the throne, he had issued a decree to expel the Taoist priests in the palace. It can be seen that the death of Yongzheng is closely related to Taoist priests. Because Ganlong knew the harm of erysipelas, he would immediately expel the Taoist priest from the palace above many state affairs. Basic zpyqd "v"
Long-term lewdness and even taking aphrodisiac may be one of the direct reasons for Yongzheng's sudden death. ? Y 赕 c 赕 7?
Mr. Jin Hengyuan believes that Yongzheng claimed to be the emperor in office 13 years, and was basically in a state of separatist loneliness. On his deathbed, he asked his compatriots to come out to help, but he was forced to resign. His feelings, his mental pain can be imagined. In addition, Yongzheng's physical condition, after seven years of Yongzheng, was basically stable because his political opponents were killed and sealed. Compared with before, Yongzheng was somewhat "idle". Once the emperor had some leisure, he began to covet women, and his illness was exposed. Mimi and Li Lili 1
There is a saying in Korean historical materials, "Yongzheng was greedy for women in his later years and was terminally ill, so he could not use it for a long time from the waist down." There is no need for North Korean envoys to deliberately fabricate and attack Yongzheng in their reports to their own kings. This historical data can be used as auxiliary evidence of physical wear and tear in Yongzheng's later years. Hey * g?
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To sum up, the death of Yongzheng has a lot to do with his physical overdraft caused by years of fatigue; It has a lot to do with his long-term restlessness, sleepless nights, inattention and fear of retribution; It is also related to his long-term continuous use of Dan medicine and the accumulation of a large number of poisons in his body; In his later years, in order to live longer, he took more pills and even took aphrodisiacs indiscriminately, which was the direct cause of his final sudden death. It is not necessarily comprehensive to attribute the death of Yongzheng to "exhausted work". The story of Lv Siniang's revenge and Yongzheng's beheading is purely folk imagination. There is no reliable evidence and it is not a historical fact.