Cat nosebleed refers to the bleeding phenomenon caused by the rupture of blood vessels in nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses, which is one of the common clinical symptoms. Most of them are caused by pathological changes of nasal cavity, and may also be caused by systemic diseases. Occasionally, pathological bleeding near the nasal cavity will occur through the nasal cavity.
Primary epistaxis is mainly caused by mechanical injury of nasal mucosa, such as:
Punch the nose.
Insect bite
Parasitism of rhinofly larvae, etc.
Secondary epistaxis
Inflammation, necrosis, ulcer, tumor, etc. Mucosa of nasal cavity or sinus.
Abnormal increase of arterial pressure in the great circulation, such as systemic congestion when the heart is weak.
The high blood pressure caused by high fever, heatstroke and heatstroke will cause excessive congestion and expansion of nasal mucosa capillaries, which will easily rupture and cause bleeding.
Hemorrhagic diseases lead to epistaxis, such as vitamin C or vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia and poisoning cases of coumarin rodenticides such as diphacinone sodium by mistake.
The stomach, esophagus, throat, trachea and lungs bleed, and blood can also flow out of the nostrils.
Primary epistaxis is mostly unilateral, with bright red blood, no bubbles or only a few bubbles, which are dripping or linear.
If a larger vein or a smaller artery breaks, blood will trickle out of the nostrils.
Arterial bleeding, the blood flowing out is bright red.
Venous bleeding, the outflow of blood is dark red.
Inflammatory bleeding, blood is often mixed with mucus or pus.
After a short period of bleeding, the symptoms of the sick cat are not obvious.
If the cat bleeds heavily for a long time, it will have symptoms such as conjunctival pallor, dyspnea, fast and weak pulse, muscle tremor and skin temperature drop, which can cause shock, coma and even death.
According to the different situations of nosebleeds in cats, various tests can be used to judge the specific reasons of nosebleeds in cats.
There is no bubble in the cat's nosebleed, and the hemoglobin from the nosebleed is reduced and brown, which may be a tumor rupture. Nasal smear can be used to check whether tumor cells are visible.
A cat has a unilateral nosebleed, usually a primary nosebleed.
Bilateral epistaxis in cats should be considered as pulmonary hemorrhage or gastric hemorrhage.
Pulmonary hemorrhage, bright red blood, foam-like outflow from both nostrils, accompanied by dyspnea and cough, and wet rales in lung auscultation.
Stomach bleeding, the blood is dirty brown, which can flow out of both nostrils with vomiting. Blood mixed with food crumbs has a sour taste.
How is the cat's nose suddenly bleeding? What are the emergency hemostasis methods?
How to give first aid to a cat with nosebleeds?
When we find a cat's nose bleeding, we may need to stop the bleeding first, and then decide whether to take the cat to the hospital for detailed examination and treatment according to the severity. You can use the following first aid methods:
1, keep the cat quiet.
2. Lift the cat's head slightly.
3. Cold compress the bridge of the nose with a towel or ice pack soaked in cold water.
When the bleeding is slight, the bleeding can be stopped after several minutes to half an hour.
If the above first aid methods still can't help the cat stop the nosebleed, please take the cat to the hospital immediately.