Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists should stay in Jiangnan until they are old. The spring water is greener than the sky, so tourists can sleep on the boat listening to the rain. The women selling wine in Jiangnan restaurant are all very beautiful, and their arms exposed when selling wine are as white as snow. Don't go home when the light is not fading. It must be extremely sad to go home.
"Everyone says Jiangnan is good" corresponds to the third poem "Now I think of Jiangnan music". Note here that he wrote "Everyone says", which means that he never thinks Jiangnan is good, but everyone says Jiangnan is good. The following "tourists just want to live in Jiangnan" is also the persuasion of others. People who travel far away should die in Jiangnan. In the past, RoyceWong's Ode to the Building once said: "Although I believe in beauty and don't believe in my scholar, how can I stay less?" Jiangshan believes in beauty, not native land, and does not want to stay long. There is an old saying in China: "Beauty is not beautiful, hometown is water, and relatives are not close." The word Wei Zhuang, however, seems straightforward, straightforward and euphemistic, which contains feelings of missing and returning home. "Only combination", combination, should also, who dares to tell Wei Zhuang so boldly that you should stay in Jiangnan to die, and you are a tourist in Jiangnan, but you are advised to die in Jiangnan. It must be that you can't go back to your hometown, so you dare to persuade you to die in Jiangnan. Because Wei Zhuang went to the south of the Yangtze River during the war in the Central Plains, the Central Plains at that time, as he described in "Songs of Fu Qin", was "the inner library burned into splendid ashes, and the sky street trampled on the bones of the masses". In this case, Jiangnan people dared to persuade him to stay. The characteristics of Wei Zhuang's ci poetry are "straightforward, vivid and melancholy", which are fully reflected in the words that are straightforward on the surface and tortuous in the heart. The following is a beautiful description of Jiangnan, saying that Jiangnan is really good. "Spring water is brighter than the sky" is the beauty of Jiangnan scenery, and the green water in Jiangnan is more beautiful than the blue sky. "The painting boat listens to the rain and sleeps" is the beauty of life in Jiangnan. Lying on the boat listening to the drizzle, this life is so leisurely compared with the war in the Central Plains. What's more, Jiangnan is not only beautiful in scenery and life, but also beautiful in Jiangnan people. "People are like the moon, and frost and snow condense their wrists." What's more, it's the place where the hotel keeps wine containers. "Historical Records Biography of Sima Xiangru" says: "Buying a wine shop is what Wen Jun did. The woman selling wine in Jiangnan wine shop is radiant, and when selling wine, she rolls up her sleeves and shows her wrists as white as frost. These layers describe the beauty of scenery, life and people. We should not only look at superficial events with vulgar eyes, but also look deeper. There are many twists and turns in his following words "Go home before you get old". The Buddhist scripture says "If nothing happens, there will be something" and "You can't go home", but it is precisely because of the idea of going home that he didn't use the word "no" and used the word "mo" for three times in a row, revealing a profound and painful sense of helplessness. The word "Mo" in Wei Zhuang's ci also shows a very deep and painful feeling. It is to remind you that you want to return to China, and it is difficult to return to China now. " Returning home "means a layer of meaning. People who" return home "will miss their homeland, especially when they are old. Wei Zhuang's ci seems deep and melancholy, with five words and three meanings. On the surface, they are broad-minded, saying that I am not old, so I don't want to go back to my hometown, but among them, it is a lingering repression of my hometown. Later, he said, "You will be heartbroken when you go back to your hometown", which is why others dare to tell you that "wanderers are only old in the south of the Yangtze River", because you will be heartbroken only when you return to your hometown full of war and bonfire. At this point, let's look back at "Everyone says Jiangnan is good, only the wanderer is always in Jiangnan", and we can understand why Chen Tingzhuo praised Wei Zhuang's words as "straightforward and elegant, expressive and melancholy".
Let's not talk about this. As long as you read it first, you can directly feel that Wei Zhuang's ci is very different from Wen's ci. Wen Feiqing's ci is objective, Wei Zhuang's ci is subjective, Fei Qing's ci is beautiful and Wei Zhuang's ci is simple. As we have said, the advantage of literary words lies in objectivity, without direct narration, while the advantage of Wei Zhuang's ci lies in subjective direct narration. Different types of words have different benefits. Wei Zhuang's ci has a clear outline, but isn't it superficial and limited? Mr. Zhu Guangqian once said that "the scenery should be obvious, and the feelings should be hidden", and once quoted a poem from the article "Recalling Jiangnan": "Wash and dress, and lean on the Wangjianglou alone. After all, Qian Fan is not here, the oblique light is full of water, and Baiping is heartbroken. " For example, say "the word is close to obvious when it is received." He also said, "If the words' heartbroken Bai Pingzhou' are deleted, it will mean more endless." This is the first time to write that the building where pregnant women lean after washing and grooming is near the river. Why look at the river from a distance? Because travelers will come back from the river, "grooming" must be early in the morning, and she has been waiting since morning, but "all over Qian Fan". How many ships passed downstairs? None of the ships she waited for landed. At this time, the river is already "oblique and full of water". If this word stops here, there will be endless aftertaste to ponder. When we think about it carefully, the "pulse" of "Oblique Photo" is such a confused, hazy and hazy landscape, and this blurred landscape has deepened the tenderness of homesickness. But what Wen Feiqing said was "heartbroken state", not the word "limit". This is a comment on this word from Mr. Zhu's point of view. In fact, writing ci or writing scenery depends on whether it conveys the emotional power, which varies in size and depth. Writing ci is not necessarily bad, that is, Du Fu's poems, such as "Worrying about Li Yuan in poor years, sighing with intestinal heat", "Looking back at liver and lung heat" and "wiping tears and dripping old blood", are profound and broad. The characteristics of the last speech were objective and not directly described. This kind of work has its own advantages. On the other hand, we should understand that the described work also has another advantage. Du Fu's poems, like the sea in Wang Yang, are completely exposed between heaven and earth, and naturally contain powerful emotional power without disguise. Although Wei Zhuang's ci is not as good as Du Fu's, it can also show sensational power in direct narration. If Du Fu's poems are like a sea of Wang Yang, then Wei Zhuang's ci is like a gushing spring, and its power is irresistible, which is an important feature of Wei Zhuang's ci. Wei Zhuang's ci mostly adopts subjective and direct narration, and his feelings are straightforward and true. For example, Wei Zhuang's "Four Towns" said, "During the spring outing, apricot flowers blow all over your head. Who is young and romantic? I'm going to marry him and grow old together. Even if it is ruthlessly abandoned, it cannot be ashamed. " Is a good example. I quote this poem because it is in contrast to Zhang Bi's "Huanxi Yarn", which is also about a spring outing, but the former is that a woman meets a man and the latter is that a man meets a woman. However, the tone of Wei Zhuang's poems is completely different from that of Zhang Bi's. Zhang Bi wrote about riding a horse and following a woman's car into town. Although vivid, it can't arouse our lofty associations. This is not to say who we want to speak well and who we want to speak badly, but that Zhang Bi's words are so written that I have nothing to say. The subtlety of Ci lies in the description of details, and only by knowing the details can we know the benefits of Ci. As far as the word Wei Zhuang is concerned, it is only the beginning of the word "spring outing", which is extremely interesting. "Spring" is the season of emotional awakening. In the past, Li Shangyin wrote "Four Poems of Yantai" in chronological order of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The first poem was written in spring, and it begins: "In Ran Ran in spring, things are different. After a few days, you can't find a charming soul, and you can always know each other." This can be used as a footnote to the above-mentioned Wei Zhuang dialect, and there are very similar places between them. "Spring in Ran Ran" refers to the sky and clouds in spring, and the wind and sunshine on the ground. Du Fu's grandfather Du Zeng wrote the sentence "I see an oriole dart in the warm wind and a green grass reflecting the sun" in the poem "Looking at Lu Cheng's early spring outing in Jinling", which is the scenery of "spring day" and "full of spring". With the arrival of spring, everything is full of vitality and people's feelings are revived. It is not easy for people to find the most beautiful "charming soul" in the universe with joy and happiness. "I can't find a charming soul in a few days." Where should I find this spiritual soul? "Honey House Peace Guard's Heart" and "Honey House Peace Guard" are the nicknames of bees. He said that bees that collect pollen on flowers have the same yearning as my awakened heart. "Ye Ye advocates getting to know each other from time to time", and all the beautiful branches have been searched. This pursuit of spring also implies the pursuit of more precious things, which can rise to a state of symbol and metaphor. Wei Zhuang's words "Spring outing, apricot flowers blow all over your head", and colorful apricot petals fall all over the girls on spring outing. This picture is as beautiful as you can imagine. "Who is young is romantic", there are many young people among strangers, which one is the most romantic. If she finds such a person, "I'm going to marry her and rest for life". We say that Wen Feiqing's brushwork is often Bi Xing, and Wei Zhuang's common brushwork is Fu. The inspiring power of Bixing lies in its image, its euphemistic twists and turns, and its narrative tone. In other words, this sentence by Wei Ci is very telling. The words "I intend to marry my body and rest in peace for life" are unambiguous, sincere, frank and firm. "It is not a shame to be mercilessly abandoned", and Confucianism says "choose goodness and be stubborn". One is to have a discerning choice, and the other is to have the strength and courage to persist. Qu Yuan's Li Sao said, "My heart is willing but my strength is weak." In real life, no matter in career, ideal or study, we should pursue a narrow escape without hesitation, but many people think too much about success or failure, want to get quick success and instant benefit, and get the greatest gain with the least effort. A person who really wants to devote himself to his ideals and career is not for his success or failure, but for his love for his ideals and career. This is the highest ideological realm. It is his deep affection that makes Wei Zhuang's ci improve and deepen the realm of ci. However, the benefits of Wei Zhaung do not stop there. Chen Tingzhuo's "White Jade Zhai Thorn" said that "the finished words are elegant and elegant, and they are the best among words." This is the real artistic benefit of Wei Zhuang's ci. A singer is also a singer; Reach the highest, pass also. Wei Zhuang's ci seems straightforward on the surface, but in fact it is tortuous. The tone seems approachable, but the content is actually gloomy, which is the best realm between the lines. Therefore, Kuang Zhouyi's HSBC Thorn commented on Wei Zhuang's Ci, saying that it "is especially dense and sparse, thicker than light, and almost fresh among flowers." His two sentences of "keeping secret words sparse, focusing on words lightly" are quite similar to Chen Tingzhuo's comments of "elegance, vividness and melancholy", both of which have a deep understanding of the characteristics of Wei Zhuang's ci. To understand Wei Zhuang's ci in detail, we must also make a brief introduction to his life. Wei Zhuang, a descendant of Wei, the prime minister of the early Tang Dynasty, was born in Xiayi, but he was not good at mechanics. At the age of forty-five in the first year of Guangming, he took up his post in Chang 'an, just as Huang Chao's army invaded Chang 'an, so he was caught in war and separated from his brothers and sisters. In the second year of neutralization, he left Chang 'an and went to Luoyang. In the spring of the third year of Zhonghe, at the age of 48, he wrote "Fu Qin Yin", ending with the sentence "I heard that there are guests in Jinling and I saw different scenery in the south of the Yangtze River". Soon, Wei Zhuang went to the south of the Yangtze River to avoid chaos, and returned to Chang 'an at the age of 58, bent on taking the exam, in order to extend his embrace of governing the country and leveling the world. At the age of fifty-nine, in the first year, he entered the earth and became a school bookkeeper. At that time, our local government did not listen to the orders of the central government, and our local government was at odds. Four years after Gan Ning, the court sent Li Xun, the coordinator of the announcement, to Sichuan. Wei Zhuang, 62, was hired as a secretary by Li Xun, who went to Xichuan together, and got to know Wang Jian, our local government special envoy in Xichuan. After returning to Chang 'an, he was appointed as Zuo Buque. Tian Fuyuan, 66, was hired by Wang Jianzhi as the Sichuan steward. God bless four years, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Jian proclaimed himself as the former Shu. Wei Zhuang, 72, was appointed as the Prime Minister, and the founding system was out of control. He died in Hualinfang, Chengdu at the age of 75. Wei Zhuang's poetry collection is called Huanhua Collection.
Wei Zhuang's Bodhisattva Man is a group of five words. Selected Poems selects all the works that he thinks are metaphorical, and also selects Wei Zhuang's Bodhisattva Man, which is considered as "a gift to leave Shu", saying that Wei Zhuang left Shu in his later years to show his loyalty and love for the motherland, and that "Jiangnan refers to Shu". But I thought that Jiangnan in Wei Zhuang's ci should refer to Jiangnan in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In "Fu Qin Yin", he said, "It is advisable to smell that Jinling has guests and see the different scenery in the south of the Yangtze River". It is based on Jinling and Jiangnan. If we look at Wei Zhuang's Huanhua Collection again, we can find that many poems have the word "Jiangnan" in their titles. After all, Wei Zhuang lived in Jiangnan for many years, and the Jiangnan mentioned in many places in his poems is not the Sichuan where he lived in his later years, but the Jiangnan where he drifted in his early years. Others think that the fifth song of "Good Spring in Luoyang City" should be written in Luoyang, but I don't agree with this statement. Why don't you see the next sentence "Luoyang talented people are always in other places"? Luoyang gifted scholar should be the author's recommendation. He was in Luoyang when he wrote Fu Qin Yin. At that time, he was called Yin's scholar, and "scholar" was in Luoyang. Luoyang gifted scholar's hometown is old, which can only be his memories of past lives when he stayed in Sichuan. The fourteen poems "Bodhisattva Man", which we used to write, are a group of words with similar contents, feelings and styles, but those fourteen words have no necessary order and complete composition and structure. Only the five Bodhisattva Mans written by Wei Zhuang have relatively perfect structures, and some selected books only select two or three of them for introduction, which is castration of a complete life. All of the above are related knowledge that must be explained to explain these five words. Let's talk about the first song:
Don't be melancholy in the red chamber night, and the incense lamp covers the tassel account. When the waning moon goes out, beauty says goodbye to tears. Jin, a pipa player, plays oriole on the strings. Advise me to go home early, the green window is like a flower.
This word is about the feeling of parting. What a charming background "the red chamber is sad at night, and the incense lamp half covers the tassel account", "the red chamber", "the incense lamp" and "the tassel account". I have said things in the past, such as "I am lazy to paint a moth eyebrow and wash it in makeup at night" and "I fall into a bun and brush my eyebrows with silk", saying that they have entrusted a very deep and gentle love for beauty. What we should pay attention to is this spirit, not the appearance, and it is not just "painting moths' eyebrows" and "seriously brushing eyebrows" that represent this spiritual realm. Wang Guowei once said that "the elegance of Zheng is invisible", "elegance" is pure, and "Zheng" is opposite to "elegance". Because Zheng Feng in The Book of Songs wrote more about the love between men and women, some people said that "Zheng Feng is immoral", which is of course not entirely correct. Wang Guowei's so-called "elegance of ci" means that the artistic conception of ci lies in its spiritual realm, not in the love between men and women written on its appearance. The first two sentences of this word seem to be about boudoir affairs, which seems to be quite fragrant. Imagine how charming it would be if it weren't for the tassels of the red chamber incense lamps. But behind the "red chamber" here is "staying at night", and there is a word "semi-hidden" between "incense lamp" and "tassel account". When resting and sleeping at ordinary times, the incense lamp can be put out, the tassel curtain can be put down, and the incense lamp is always on and the curtain is covered, which means that tonight is the night of parting. There are many contradictions and contrasts between these two simple narratives, so they are "disappointed" because they can't get together to sleep in the red room with fragrant lamps and tassels, but their hearts are full of parting sadness. After reading this, I still don't understand why he is a good word. Now he writes A Farewell to the Red Chamber, which is worth cherishing and cherishing. Only after reading the fifth song "I hate oblique light, but I don't know what Jun Jun remembers" can I really understand its meaning. The Analects of Confucius said: "If you can speak without words, you will lose people;" You can't talk to it in words. It's called a slip of the tongue. A wise man never loses people or words. " Poetry appreciation should also be done without losing face and words. For the author of poetry, if he has profound meaning and you ignore it, then you are sorry for him. If his works have no profound meaning, it is your fault to impose them on him. Especially subtle and euphemistic works, don't lose people or words. There are two explanations for the "waning moon", one is the lack of the moon, and the other is the sinking of the moon. There is a saying in Huajianji that "the face of the waning moon is bright, so don't cry." Only the setting moon will be flush with people's faces. Wen Feiqing's poem "The cock crows in Maodian and the frost on the bridge is cold and cheerless" also points out that dawn is the time for pedestrians to hit the road. From the incense lamp on another night to the waning moon in the morning, it reveals the author's sensitivity to the passage of time before parting. There are three possible syntactic interpretations of the sentence "when the waning moon goes out" and "beauty and tears" when I want to say goodbye to the woman I love. The first explanation is that the beauty said goodbye to me with tears, the second explanation is that I said goodbye to the beauty with tears, and the third explanation is that both the beauty and I said goodbye with tears. These three explanations can coexist. In the past, China's interpretation of poetry had to be limited to one interpretation, but the western new literary criticism acknowledged the polysemy of poetry. William Empson in Britain wrote a book called Seven Ambiguities, which was introduced by Mr. Zhu Ziqing and named as Seven Ambiguities. This book introduces seven forms that can cause ambiguity in poetry, and all the examples cited by William Empson are English poetry. The phrase "beauty and tears" can have many meanings. The following "pipa is a golden jade, the string is in the oriole", and some versions of "jade" are called "jade". The key to Bodhisattva is to rhyme every two sentences. The word "Yu" and "Yu" in "Pipa is a golden jade, and the string is an oriole dialect" should rhyme, but "Jin Yu" doesn't rhyme, so it shouldn't be "Jin Yu" here, which is a very simple identification method. "Gold" is an ornament on the plucked part of the pipa, a feather of the bluebird, and a delicate and precious pipa. "On-string oriole" refers to the sound that pops up on the strings of the pipa, just like the euphemistic warbler sound. Yan (Hill) said: "I remember Xiaoping's first sight. Her two focuses were on Luo Yi, and the pipa string said that she was homesick." Therefore, pipa can convey deep and euphemistic feelings in the heart. What Wei Zhuang wants to write is not only the fact that the beauty plays the lute when she leaves, but also the lovesickness conveyed on the strings of the lute. "On-string oriole dialect" means that the melodious sound played by pipa is a affectionate reminder. What are they talking about? It is the following sentence: "advise me to go home early". Why should I go home early? This is a very good reason. Because "people with green windows are like flowers", there are beautiful women waiting at home. Can't you go home early? ! The life of a flower is short, and the beauty of a woman is hard to last. If you still want to see someone as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, come back early. If it is late, even if you come back, that person is still there, just not as beautiful as a flower. Wang Guowei wrote two sentences: "I read all the hardships of leaving the world, but I lost my life but didn't come back." I have experienced the pain of leaving this world, but I didn't expect the flowers to be scattered after I came back. To sum up, this word is all about feelings of parting and cherishing. When we talk about the fifth word later, we will have a deeper understanding of this emotion conveyed by this first word. Then let's talk about the second song:
Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists should stay in Jiangnan until they are old. The spring water is greener than the sky, so tourists can sleep on the boat listening to the rain. The women selling wine in Jiangnan restaurant are all very beautiful, and their arms exposed when selling wine are as white as snow. Don't go home when the light is not fading. It must be extremely sad to go home.
"Everyone says Jiangnan is good" corresponds to the third poem "Now I think of Jiangnan music". Note here that he wrote "Everyone says", which means that he never thinks Jiangnan is good, but everyone says Jiangnan is good. The following "tourists just want to live in Jiangnan" is also the persuasion of others. People who travel far away should die in Jiangnan. At that time, RoyceWong's Ode to the Building once said: "Although I believe in beauty and don't believe in my scholar, how can I stay less?" Jiangshan believes in beauty, not native land, and does not want to stay long. There is an old saying in China: "Beauty is not beautiful, hometown is water, and relatives are not close." The word Wei Zhuang, however, seems straightforward, straightforward and euphemistic, which contains feelings of missing and returning home. "Only combination", combination, should also, who dares to tell Wei Zhuang so boldly that you should stay in Jiangnan to die, and you are a tourist in Jiangnan, but you are advised to die in Jiangnan. It must be that you can't go back to your hometown, so you dare to persuade you to die in Jiangnan. Because Wei Zhuang went to the south of the Yangtze River during the war in the Central Plains, the Central Plains at that time, as he described in "Songs of Fu Qin", was "the inner library burned into splendid ashes, and the sky street trampled on the bones of the masses". In this case, Jiangnan people dared to persuade him to stay. The characteristics of Wei Zhuang's ci poetry are "straightforward, vivid and melancholy", which are fully reflected in the words that are straightforward on the surface and tortuous in the heart. The following is a beautiful description of Jiangnan, saying that Jiangnan is really good. "Spring water is brighter than the sky" is the beauty of Jiangnan scenery, and the green water in Jiangnan is more beautiful than the blue sky. "The painting boat listens to the rain and sleeps" is the beauty of life in Jiangnan. Lying on the boat listening to the drizzle, this life is so leisurely compared with the war in the Central Plains. What's more, Jiangnan is not only beautiful in scenery and life, but also beautiful in Jiangnan people. "People are like the moon, and frost and snow condense their wrists." What's more, it's the place where the hotel keeps wine containers. "Historical Records Biography of Sima Xiangru" says: "Buying a wine shop is what Wen Jun did. The woman selling wine in Jiangnan wine shop is radiant, and when selling wine, she rolls up her sleeves and shows her wrists as white as frost. These layers describe the beauty of scenery, life and people. We should not only look at superficial events with vulgar eyes, but also look deeper. There are many twists and turns in his following words "Go home before you get old". The Buddhist scripture says "If nothing happens, there will be something" and "You can't go home", but it is precisely because of the idea of going home that he didn't use the word "no" and used the word "mo" for three times in a row, revealing a profound and painful sense of helplessness. The word "Mo" in Wei Zhuang's ci also shows a very deep and painful feeling. It is to remind you that you want to return to China, and it is difficult to return to China now. " Returning home "means a layer of meaning. People who" return home "will miss their homeland, especially when they are old. Wei Zhuang's ci seems deep and melancholy, with five words and three meanings. On the surface, they are broad-minded, saying that I am not old, so I don't want to go back to my hometown, but among them, it is a lingering repression of my hometown. Later, he said, "You will be heartbroken when you go back to your hometown", which is why others dare to tell you that "wanderers are only old in the south of the Yangtze River", because you will be heartbroken only when you return to your hometown full of war and bonfire. At this point, let's look back at "Everyone says Jiangnan is good, only the wanderer is always in Jiangnan", and we can understand why Chen Tingzhuo praised Wei Zhuang's words as "straightforward and elegant, expressive and melancholy".