The birth of modern redology began with Wang Guowei's Comments on a Dream of Red Mansions in 1904 and Hu Shi's Textual Research on a Dream of Red Mansions in 192 1. Before that, the mainstream of redology was political esotericism. The epoch-making significance of Hu Shi's textual research lies in that he reconfirmed Cao Xueqin's copyright according to the records of early critics of A Dream of Red Mansions, replaced his legend with autobiography, replaced innuendo with realism, and tried to explain the work according to the author's family environment, social status and life experience, which is undoubtedly a progress. However, when Hu Shi emphasized the realism of his works, he confused the boundaries between literature and history and regarded A Dream of Red Mansions as Cao Xueqin's family history. "Jia Baoyu is Cao Xueqin" [1]. Strictly speaking, Hu Shi's New Dream of Red Mansions has not got rid of the influence of Suoyin School. He just changed the far-fetched Dream of Red Mansions into a less clumsy Dream of Red Mansions, and changed the Pearl Family, Zhang Yongjia, Fu Hengjia and ① Family into Cao Yinjia. Therefore, some scholars recently pointed out that Hu Shi is a standard "neo-rationalist" [2].
However, although Hu Shi regarded A Dream of Red Mansions as "Cao Xueqin's self-narrative of concealing the real story" [3], he was still rigorous in his academic attitude and did not write lyrics. Mr. Yu Pingbo, another founder of the New Dream of Red Mansions, quickly corrected the statement of "autobiographical book", saying: "A Dream of Red Mansions is at most an autobiographical novel, which cannot be regarded as the author's biography" [4]. In fact, Cao Xueqin made it clear from the beginning that what he wrote was a "story", while Zhi Yanzhai and others repeatedly said that A Dream of Red Mansions was a "novel". It is common sense that stories and novels should be regarded as literary works and interpreted according to the plot, image and thought of novels. Helpless, everyone in the world likes to peep at secrets, and some people regard themselves as experts in revealing secrets and solving puzzles, with extraordinary knowledge and unique vision. Therefore, A Dream of Red Mansions has a deep and seemingly hidden purpose, and it has become the object of their imagination, and the Suoyin School of Dream of Red Mansions is enduring.
It is Mr. Zhou who really inherits Hu Shi's autobiography and carries it forward. Mr. Zhou has a casual note: "I have been busy with Qin all my life." Mr. Zhou deserves these five words. From Comments on the True Stone Story of Zhi Yanzhai to New Evidence of A Dream of Red Mansions, from Notes on Cao Xueqin's Family History and Biography to the updated version of A Dream of Red Mansions, Behind All the Treasures of A Dream of Red Mansions, and then to the Collection of Immortals, Mr. Zhou devoted himself to quoting classics and searching materials for nearly half a century. The author once called Mr. Zhou's "Cao and Jia" school "Positive Dream of Red Mansions". "Certificate" is textual research, and "reality" is solid. Now it is classified as "Longmen Dream of Red Mansions". Although Hu Shi's New Dream of Red Mansions tends to be reclusive, it is still a textual research school. A considerable part of Mr. Zhou's dream practice is seclusion. Suoyin also needs research, but research is sometimes just packaging.
A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen is the most influential red text after Hu Shi's textual research on A Dream of Red Mansions, which was published by Mr. Zhou in the 37th issue of Yanjing Daily on 1949. It opened up a unique path for A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen, and now it has been promoted to the academic level.
The Commentary on Zhi Yanzhai demonstrates two interrelated issues:
First, Jia Baoyu's wife is Shi Xiangyun;
Second, Shi Xiangyun is the "bride" and widow of Cao Xueqin's Zhi Yanzhai.
"The dross of Baoyu is actually Xiangyun". These old stories of "A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen" have existed for a long time, and Hu Shi was inclined to believe them at first, all because he couldn't understand the "double star with white head and unicorn". Let's talk about this later. Zhou Wen's most shocking thing is to verify Shi Xiangyun in A Dream of Red Mansions, that is, a large number of writers in A Dream of Red Mansions are called "one Qin and one fat". If this theory can be established, the boundary between history and novels will be completely lost, and Jia Fu and Cao Zhai can be completely integrated. It is an indisputable fact that the last "marriage of a treasure" in A Dream of Red Mansions has become the real husband and wife file of Cao Xueqin and Zhi Yanzhai, and that A Dream of Red Mansions is a careful record of life, although it is not a diary chronology [6]. Zhi Yanzhai's comment on writing naturally becomes the key to interpret A Dream of Red Mansions. More than 2000 "fat criticisms" were written by the main characters in a book, which is really an inexhaustible treasure. Words are endless "[7]. For A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen, it is simply a world-class gold mine. From this, it is easy for us to understand why Mr. Zhou must regard "Fat Learning" and "Lost Learning" (disguised research) as important components of A Dream of Red Mansions, while treating the scientific Dream of Red Mansions as a literary work and dismissing it as "novel learning". Finally, by the way, the ending designed by Mr. Zhou is also very clever, which is even more touching than the original work of A Dream of Red Mansions: Cao Xueqin and his little cousin met in Yanshi for a hundred years of ups and downs and got married; After Cao's death, Xiangyun died, poor and widowed, and made comments on sorting out the manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions. Such a plot itself has won a lot of sympathy points, and ordinary readers will naturally "choose the good and follow" only by reading the story.
"Longmen redology" is a new tantric school.
But whether Baoyu finally married Baochai or Xiangyun seems to be beyond the readers' voting. In the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, the description of "good marriage" is clear. Cao Xueqin hinted that Baoyu would marry Baochai in the future through countless plots, obscure lines and riddles, which was also confirmed by Zhifuzhai and others reading Xueqin's lost manuscript for 30 times recently. Finally, Baoyu abandoned "Baochai's wife" and "Sheyue's maid" and became a monk. How can Baoyu change his wife and marry another one? Mr. Zhou quoted thirty-one times "because of Kirin, the white-headed binary star" as "the marriage of treasure elephants" and "a very powerful argument" [8]. But Mr. Zhou, like his predecessors, did not understand the meaning of "white-headed binary star". The "white-headed binary star" does not indicate that Baoyu and Xiangyun will grow old together in the future, but indicates that Shi Xiangyun and her husband are separated like cowherd and weaver girl and will never see each other again. And the "blessing" of the 3 1 session is precisely the negation of "treasure marriage" [9]. Zhou Wen also quoted the last sentence of Qi Benyu's poem before the 18th Hui Hui: "Clouds fly from the bright moon and talk to themselves". Because of the word "cloud" and "moon", it is attached with auspicious clouds and musk deer moon. This is not catching shadows, this is flying to the moon. In fact, this poem before returning to China was only found in Qi Ben and Wang Fu Ben, and even Mr. Zhou was not sure whether it was fat or not [10]. Later, in the new version of A Dream of Red Mansions, Mr. Zhou attached a poem "Pink Lady Don't Break Melon" to tihongloumeng, and further advocated that Baoyu Baochai "married but not worthy", that is, "broken melon", in order to solve the contradiction between Cao Xueqin's "golden marriage" in the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions and Zhou's "baoxiang marriage" in the last thirty chapters, thus proving Baoyu Baochai. Mr. Levin, the master of the southern school "Longmen Dream of Red Mansions", fully agreed with Jia Baoyu's marrying Shi Xiangyun, and accordingly wrote a series of novels about a dream of red mansions, such as The Broken Dream of Red Mansions. However, he knows human nature better. He doesn't believe that there is no sex life after marriage, and he doesn't believe that any country recognizes Mr. Zhou's happy marriage. I think it's best to ban Bauer's marriage. His idea was that Baochai knew that Baoyu's sweetheart was Daiyu, and she could not bear to take love and refused to marry. "Marriage is not harmonious", Golden Rain is empty [1 1]. Of course, this is no longer Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, but the re-creation of the masters of Longmen Dream of Red Mansions.
Mr. Zhou wants to change Jia Baoyu's wife, whether Baochai or Xiangyun or a woman. The funniest thing is that he transsexuals Zhi Yanzhai and makes him the "bride" of Cao Xueqin. Fat inkstone is a man, and it can never be changed by finding a few female comments from fat reviews. Mr. Yu Pingbo once asked: Will Shi Xiangyun call himself "Search"? It's too easy to find the disproof. The crux of the problem is that from the point of view of fat group, this is a small circle of men. Qin Xue first wrote the novel A Dream of Red Mansions for several friends, perhaps the children of some religious scholars. Qin Xue wrote a part and asked them to circulate it. Some people just write comments and suggest changes. A proposed title, example. The existing fat batch is neither one person's batch nor a temporary batch. Therefore, the comment on writing has "the recognition of the public and its own vision; Those fat fasting also had the pleasure of fat fasting "(the second time in JOE) and" nonsense, making people laugh. " -I said, "Gentlemen, don't laugh, please think again" (Jia's sixteenth reply), and there is a dirty @ ② accent peculiar to some men. Jia Baoyu can hang out in Rongfu and Ningfu. How does Shi Da, the widow of Cao Xueqin's "bride" in A Dream of Red Mansions, make peace in this circle of men and meet the "gentlemen"? Does Mr. Zhou think that the "gentleman" mentioned by Zhi Yanzhai is Shi Xiangyun's "close friend" in the Grand View Garden?
People see that the pioneering work of A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen is so blind and far-fetched. This is not that Mr. Zhou has no knowledge, but that what he wants to demonstrate is a "false proposition." A Dream of Red Mansions clearly describes Baoyu Baochai's "good marriage", but it proves against the trend that Baoyu married Xiangyun instead of Baochai. Zhi Yanzhai is obviously a man, but she has to prove that she is a woman against the trend and become the "bride" of Cao Xueqin. No matter how learned he is, there is nothing he can do. "Concealment" is not true, and "seeking" can only be catching shadows. This was the case 50 years ago, and it is still the case 50 years later.
In fact, researches are completely a kind of "free evaluation of evidence". Both old and new studies have a "transcendental" premise, that is, A Dream of Red Mansions presupposes a double-layer structure of "truth" and "falsehood", and there is another Gankun behind the text and inside the image. The so-called "narrative language" in Wang He and Shen Ping's A Dream of Red Mansions is nothing but a lie. The implication is true. "As for what is implied, everyone will identify it according to their own needs and interests. In a red building, Suoyin sent everyone to dig in, and everyone called themselves "looking for pearls". In fact, everyone is "born from the heart" when looking in the mirror. I don't believe there is another password hidden behind A Dream of Red Mansions, because it is too difficult. We usually send telegrams in plain code, and the military, political, economic and scientific secrets of the country will be "encrypted", and some will add two or three secrets. Encrypted telegrams become a mess of words, which need to be interpreted by "cipher table" Passwords are almost impossible. The code is an article, and the message is a completely different article. Some people say: "A Dream of Red Mansions is by no means seemingly unreadable, but hides the meaning that can't be seen at a glance in the superficial words" [12]. This is a layman's word. A Dream of Red Mansions is a great novel with 700,000 to 800,000 words. Even with the help of the most advanced computer, Cao Xueqin could never weave a double-layer structure in his life. Mr. Li Zhiqi said that A Dream of Red Mansions is a mystery novel, and the author's "beauty lies in his ability to write all the plots into riddles without deceiving the field" [13]. Even if you have this ability, why bother? Wouldn't it be better to compile another book, The Mystery of Grand View Garden? Cao Xueqin should also be cost-effective. A Dream of Red Mansions written by Huo Guoling's brothers and sisters contains a history besides the superficial story: Cao Xueqin and her lover Joo Sang wook, who was taken away by Yong Zhengdi, conspired to poison Yin with cinnabar and wrote a Dream of Red Mansions. Ms Huo also said that in the past 200 years, only Qi Kui and her have really understood A Dream of Red Mansions. Qi once said that "there are two stories of stones, two in one hand" and "stunts". Does this mean that he also thinks that "the story on the surface of the novel is deceptive, and there are other real things hidden in it" [14], which is hard to say. Anyway, Cao Xueqin is lucky. More than 200 years later, a woman named Huo finally appeared. She knows how to interpret dreams by means of "two places at once", "homophonic method", "word separation method", "reflection method", "pay attention to others" and "write without writing". Otherwise, his life's efforts will be in vain. 〔 15〕
Comments on Red Yanzhai is a rare work of Mr. Zhou, but it has shown some basic characteristics of Neo-researches, that is, the contrast between proposition and argument: the title is amazing, the evidence is weak, and the seven treasures are built on sand. This feature is even more prominent in another important paper by Mr. Zhou, the masterpiece of A Dream of Red Mansions behind Gem.
Longmen Dream of Red Mansions is good at creation.
Behind Quan Yu is a paper read by Mr. Zhou at the Wisconsin International Red Cross Society. Unpublished works caused a sensation. I remember1June, 980, Mr. Zhou, Mr. Zhou and Mr. Zhou went to the meeting via Hong Kong and stayed at the Red Guest House of Zhonghua Book Company. The author went there. The next day, the Hong Kong newspaper reported Mr. Zhou's academic originality with a huge headline: "Who will continue the Dream of Red Mansions-Emperor Qianlong". The author was so dumbfounded that he couldn't close his mouth. Later, the paper was published in A Dream of Red Mansions. After reading it, I felt that my little hat was big. Or the media effect of "A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen", which is numerous, grandstanding and pursuing high popularity.
Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions has only eighty chapters left, and the last thirty chapters have been lost. This version has been continued by Gao E since 1980s, and it is the mainstream view of the Red Chamber. Mr. Zhou has no objection to this. If A Dream of Red Mansions is regarded as a literary work, Gao Xu is basically faithful to Qin Xueyuan's works, and his writing style is not bad, which has been accepted by the masses for 200 years. It is unprecedented in the history of world literature that a work needs others to complete before it can become great. Gao E has both advantages and disadvantages. If A Dream of Red Mansions is regarded as an autobiographical biography of Cao Xueqin according to A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen, then the last forty chapters are "pseudo-continuation", which is absolutely unacceptable. Therefore, Mr. Zhou has devoted himself to attacking Gao Xu, calling him a "scum" and "accusing readers all over the world of his crimes" [16]. This seemingly suspicious behavior of "loving Qin" was criticized by He Lanling in the 1950s. Mr. Zhou accepted and put Li He at the top of the new version of A Dream of Red Mansions (1976). However, this is only superficial work. If we don't continue, it will be difficult for Zhou to gain a foothold, and it will be difficult for Longmen Dream of Red Mansions to have room for circulation. Therefore, the interpretation right of "Hui" in Dream of Red Mansions has become a battleground for Longmen Dream of Red Mansions. The author thinks that "Behind the Jade" obviously bears the birthmark of the Cultural Revolution after long-term conception and data collection. Mr. Zhou's high-profile choice to publish at an international conference is an attempt to give Gao Xu a fatal blow. There is a shocking conspiracy behind Quanyu. According to Mr. Zhou's textual research, it turns out that the sequel to A Dream of Red Mansions is a "trick" of Qianlong and Hehe, and a large sum of money is used to catch a knife, "fundamentally tampering with and distorting Cao Xueqin's life's hard work". This is "the most shocking and sad event in China culture!" [17] In this way, the last forty chapters will not only be "cut off and thrown into the wastebasket", but also be criticized and stinked, so that it will never turn over. As for readers, who will read the last 40 chapters is a "key issue" [18].
Mr. Zhou's accusation is too shocking. How much evidence is there? He admitted that this was mainly based on two notes written by Chen Yong and Zhao Liewen in Jia Dao. Zhao Liewen's "Notes on Being Quiet" said that he had heard of Song Xiangfeng: "In the last years of the temple, I shared a dream of red mansions with @ ①. ..... Gao Miao read it and said that this cover was also made by Pearl House. " Chen Yong said that A Dream of Red Mansions was not published. In the spring of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, the manuscript collected by Su Lingjia, the minister of punishments, was "damaged by rats, and paid to Liulichang Bookstore to change the binding, so that people in the workshop could copy it and print it for profit". Both materials are flawed, and the credibility is not very high. These are not light for the time being, and Song and Chen have nothing to do with the sequel. The so-called "trick of monarch and minister" and "tampering and distortion" are all based on Mr. Zhou's "making something out of nothing" and the presumption of original sin: Qianlong is a dog emperor and @ ① is a big traitor. They did a lot of bad things in the past, so the "bad things" that Gao E renewed must have been directed by them. Qianlong did a lot of bad things, imprisoned his thoughts and destroyed books (I'm afraid it's not a bad thing to edit Si Ku). However, scientific argumentation is different from the criticism of posters during the Cultural Revolution. If Gao E's sequel was written by Emperor Qianlong, there must be facts and evidence.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the author published several articles, such as The Origin of Shi Xiangyun's Ending, An Analysis of jie feng's Playing and Writing, Cao Xueqin and the Eight Scholars of the Emperor, and A New Debate on the Copyright of A Dream of Red Mansions, expressing doubts about Mr. Zhou's original ideas. The author has been expecting Mr. Zhou to come up with excellent materials to supplement his new theory. But no, with Mr. Zhou's knowledge and diligence, after twenty years or even half a century, it is impossible to find decent evidence to clear his name, so people have every reason to believe that the ending of the so-called Dream of Red Mansions has no factual basis. All this is not true. Shi Xiangyun married Baoyu, Zhi Yanzhai was Cao Xueqin's woman's "bride", and Gao E continued to make his own plot. The core part of the system of A Dream of Red Mansions painstakingly constructed by Mr. Zhou for nearly half a century, that is, the whole story of the original and sequel of A Dream of Red Mansions, is pure fiction. From the beginning, Mr. Zhou was not interested in objective truth, but in the audio-visual effect of society. In this regard, the basic tendency of A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen is creation rather than scientific research. A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen is good at making up stories, but making up stories is conducive to creation and not to textual research. The more bizarre the story is, the more attractive it will be to readers and the more successful it will be, just as Mr. Levin did. The more bizarre and sensational the story is, the greater the contrast between the proposition and the material, and the more difficult it is to demonstrate, as Mr. Zhou did.
As for "Tai Chi Dream of Red Mansions", which has made a lot of noise in the city recently, we can also look at it this way. The author has juxtaposed his name with Cao Xueqin, but he studied under the care and guidance of Mr. Zhou, so he can be regarded as a new production of A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen. "Red inkstone Review" and "Behind the Whole Wall" were only forty times after the attack with Gao E; Taiji Dream of Red Mansions has been moved to the first eighty chapters and Cao Xueqin's head. It is said that the author experienced a rough experience and succeeded in self-study. Such a young man who is interested in redology has found his own way to explore the structure of A Dream of Red Mansions, which is worthy of recognition. Of course, we should also see that since the last thirty chapters of Qin Xue have been lost, it is very subjective and arbitrary to try to compare the plot and order of the lower part of A Dream of Red Mansions according to the scattered ten fat comments and infer the structure of the whole book. Therefore, when affirming its research direction, it is unfavorable to the author. However, it is said that some people's contributions to this book are "the discovery that shocked mankind" and "the great subject and great contribution in the cultural history of China" [19]. According to this evaluation, it is inevitable to hold celebrations all over the country. It is unknown how the relevant parties approved it, and the response of the red circle seems to be not enthusiastic. In the old days, there was an idiom called "no more than three", which can also be used to explain the reason. Too much boasting turned into jokes. However, A Dream of Red Mansions in Longmen, like the old lady Jia, is used to being lively and popular, and has become the darling of public opinion. It's natural that "the discovery that shocked mankind" was met with a cold shoulder unexpectedly. It is said that the case may enter legal proceedings, so it is better to say less.
Precautions:
[1] Hu Shi's Textual Research on A Dream of Red Mansions, Selected Studies on A Dream of Red Mansions by People's Literature Publishing House, the first series, page 24, Beijing, 1973.
[2] Wu Zhu's "A New Theory of Redology Schools", "The Red Chamber" 1997 No.2, page 16, Guiyang.
[3] Hu Shi's Textual Research on A Dream of Red Mansions, Selected Studies on A Dream of Red Mansions, the first series, People's Literature Publishing House, p. 28, Beijing, 1973.
[4] Yu Pingbo's preface to the study of a dream of red mansions, the first 1 page, People's Literature Publishing House, Beijing, 1973.
[5] Zhou's Comment on the True Stone Biography of Red Yanzhai, Yanjing Journal, page 144, No.37, Beijing, 19491February.
[6] Zhou "Comment on the Biography of the True Stone of Red Yanzhai", Yanjing Journal, page 148, No.37, Beijing, 19491February.
[7] Zhou "Comment on the True Stone Biography of Red Yanzhai", Yanjing Journal, page 158, No.37, Beijing, 19491February.
[8] Zhou's New Evidence of a Dream of Red Mansions, page 649, Shanghai Tangdi Publishing House, 1953.
[9] See Jeikiy's interpretation of "White-headed Twin Stars", Journal of a Dream of Red Mansions 1979,No. 1 issue; Mei Jie's exploration of the ending of Shi Xiangyun, Selected Works of Hong Kong Dream of Red Mansions by Hu Wenbin and Zhou Lei, Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, Tianjin, 1982.
[10] In the original story of A Dream of Red Mansions by Xu Qi, Song Qi thought that the "cloud" floating from the bright moon should be the mistake of Xue Baochai's "snow" and "harmony". See Hong Kong Ming Pao Monthly 1978 1 Month 145. But because I'm not sure whether it's fat or not, I can't talk about thirty things based on it.
[1 1] Levin's Cao Xueqin's last thoughts on a dream of red mansions, The Story of the Red Chamber, pp. 7, 1 1, Lianjing Publishing Company, Taipei, 1977.
[12] decoding a dream of red mansions by kong yangxian, 1980 national symposium on a dream of red mansions.
[13] Li Zhiqi's The Mystery of a Dream of Red Mansions (Part II), p. 420, printed by Hongkong, 1985.
[14] The first episode of A Dream of Red Mansions by Huo Guoling, page 2, China Literature Publishing House, Beijing, 1995.
[15] Ms. Huo said that there is an accurate history behind the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, which is "unparalleled in the world". This is really a little ignorant. With the help of computer, Israeli scholar Michael Yousning deciphered the mystery of the Bible and wrote The Bible Code, revealing that this best-selling book written more than 3,000 years ago was a code, which had a great influence on major events in the 20th century, such as the economic crisis of 1924, the rise of Hitler, World War II, the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the assassination of Kennedy, Apollo landing on the moon and Watergate. Li Zhiqi and Huo Guoling used China's traditional guessing method to decipher; Justine uses the crossword puzzle method popular in western newspapers to deconstruct it. See Hong Kong Publication 65438+August 0997 "Bible is Code" from the Soviet Union.
[16] Zhou's New Evidence of a Dream of Red Mansions, p. 584, Shanghai Tang Di Publishing House, 1953.
[17] Zhou Hug Behind a Dream of Red Mansions, the first issue of A Dream of Red Mansions in 198 1 year, p. 292.
[18] Zhou Hug Behind a Dream of Red Mansions, the first issue of A Dream of Red Mansions in 198 1 year, p. 293.
[19] A Dream in a Dream of Red Mansions, the third issue compiled by Wuhan Institute and China Institute of Ancient Novels and Dramas of Hubei University, p. 24.
Notes about words not stored in fonts:
The original words are Wang You rolling God.
@ ② The original words are female right plus butterfly right half.
@ (3) The original words are water and truth.
(There is nothing in the original. There are some references in it. Please have a look. )