The so-called direct dream refers to the direct correspondence between dream and reality. For example, I dreamed of a person in my dream and saw it tomorrow; In addition, there is a symbolic relationship between the content and reality in dreams, which also belongs to the category of direct dreams. For example, in a dream, you are soaring and climbing the sky, and there is a test of climbing at dawn, which is also a direct dream;
The so-called elephant dream means that the contents of the dream are interrelated with reality by symbolic means, so some of the contents of the straight dream mentioned above can also be classified as elephant dream. There is a dreamlike explanation in The Book of Songs. For example, in the Book of Songs, there is "Xiong Weiwei, a lucky person; It means that dreaming of animals such as bears and snakes is a sign of giving birth to boys, and dreaming of animals such as insects and snakes is a sign of giving birth to daughters;
The so-called dream caused by the stimulation of one's own body or external objects is a dream. For example, thirsty people dream of drinking too much; Hungry people dream of more meals; If the clothes on your head and chest are too heavy, or your hands are pressed on your chest, you will dream that monsters are pressed on you. First you can't shout, but you can't move, and then you will be woken up. On the other hand, if your clothes are too light or you sleep naked, you will often dream of flying in the air and becoming very tall.
The so-called dream is to think of or miss something often, and it will also make people dream about what they think. To think of good is to dream of good, and to think of evil is to dream of evil. For example, Confucius in The Analects often dreamed of the Duke of Zhou (Zhou Gongdan,? 65438 BC+065438 BC+005 BC), all because Confucius has always admired the virtue of Duke Zhou, and his greatest wish in his life is to imitate Duke Zhou;
The so-called fine dreaming and dreaming are one type, but the latter is more focused, and the so-called fine thinking leads to dreams. For example, China Taoist philosopher Zhuang Zhou (369 BC? 286 BC), I once dreamed that I was a dancing butterfly, roaming around leisurely, not knowing that I was Zhuang Zhou. Suddenly I woke up and found that I was obviously Zhuang Zhou, but he didn't know whether I dreamed that I was Zhuang Zhou, a butterfly, or that I was Zhuang Zhou's butterfly (see Zhuangzi? Homology theory);
The so-called sexual dream means that it is caused by nature and thus reflected in the dream. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that "sex" here refers to nature, so it is impossible to dream about sex, nor does it refer to dreams related to sexual activities. For example, people with good nature often dream of peaches, plums, pines and cypresses; People with honest nature dream more about gold and iron; Good believers dream of rivers and lakes; Wait;
The so-called human dream means that the content in the dream has no fixed meaning. Whether the dream is auspicious or fierce can only be determined by referring to the social status of the dreamer. For example, there is a scholar who is going to take the imperial examination. He had a dream that a big "overbearing" crab had no "overbearing" claws! He woke up from a dream and couldn't figure it out, so he went to the warlock for it. After listening to his story about the "crab" dream, the warlock congratulated him and said, "Don't worry, just pass the exam!" The man couldn't turn around for a moment and asked the warlock what the reason was. The warlock smiled and said, "Fortunately, you are still a scholar and don't even understand this truth!" " Think about it, "crab" is Xie Yuan's "solution"! "Soon, the imperial examination ended, and the scholar really ranked first! People's dreams are also the way for magicians to interpret dreams.
The so-called dream sense refers to a certain type of dream induced under certain climatic conditions. For example, a wise man in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Fu (about 85? 162) once said: "Rainy dreams make people tired; The dream of drought makes people wander; Cold dreams make people feel sad; The dream that strong winds make people fly ",these are the dream contents that the weather affects people;" "
The so-called time dream refers to the dream related to the seasonal content, which is influenced by the four seasons of the year. For example, in spring, when everything recovers and the grass blooms, the above content is easy to appear in the spring dream affected by it; Summer, autumn, winter and other seasons can also be compared;
The so-called anti-dream is that the content of the dream is completely opposite to reality. For example, there was an old slave who worked in the dark from morning till night and listened to people's orders, but at night he dreamed that he was a king and enjoyed it. During the day, his master bullied his servants, but at night he dreamed that he was a slave and was beaten and scolded. These dreams are contrary to reality and should be interpreted in a rebellious way.
The so-called dream refers to the dreams of gods, dead souls and other strangers. Here it is, Ji Zhe, Toye. For example, this kind of record often appears in ancient books: a loving couple left home for business or exams in Lu Yu, entrusted their dreams to their wives at night and told them what happened, and then their wives went to the government to complain, so witty officials skillfully solved the case accordingly; Even in today's rural areas, anyone who dreams that their dead relatives really want less money will always burn some paper money and paper utensils for the dreamer without thinking;
The so-called dream-sending means that two people are in a different place, and A's good or bad luck appears in B's dream, and B's good or bad luck appears in A's dream. Sending dreams requires a certain prerequisite, that is, there must be a close relationship between them, so the most common form of sending dreams is the induction between relatives. For example, if a child has a happy event, parents know it in their dreams; The husband should enlighten and the wife should know in advance;
The so-called dream transformation means that the content in the dream is changeable and has no logical connection. For example, I dreamed of swords and shadows, and suddenly I saw beautiful women like clouds around me;
The so-called sick dream refers to the dream caused by physical illness. Like Zuo Zhuan? Ten years of success: Qin and Jin made friends during the Warring States period and had a very close relationship. On one occasion, Duke Jing of Jin (? ? In 582 BC, he fell ill. There was a famous doctor named Qin Huan in the State of Qin. He was ordered by the King of Qi to go to the State of Jin to treat Gong Jing. On the way, Gong Jing had a strange dream one night. He dreamed that two children were sitting together discussing something, and only one of them said, "Do you know? I heard that Qin Huan is a famous doctor! I think our situation is very bad, so let's move out! " "Hey, don't worry! Although Qin Slow is fierce, I have a good way to deal with him! As long as you and I live above and below the paste, Qin Huan can't help us even if he has the ability! " Just then, Duke Jing of Jin was awakened! Soon, Qin slowly came to the state of Jin. After careful examination, Duke Jing of Jin said anxiously, "Your Majesty, you are very ill, one above your chest and the other below the ointment. These two places are beyond the reach of medicine!" After hearing this, Duke Jing of Jin exclaimed in surprise, "You are really a great doctor!" Here, Jin Jinggong's dream is a sick dream;
The so-called ghost dream is what people usually call a nightmare. The content in the dream is very horrible, and the dreamer often wakes up sweating.
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Witches explain the meaning of dreams and their good and bad luck according to the distinction made, which constitutes the basic content of ancient dream retrieval.
But what really marks people's knowledge and understanding of dreams from appearance to reality is Huangdi Neijing. There is a very important part in the wonderful book Huangdi Neijing written by a real person in Yuanyang, ancient China, which is to determine the image of dreams according to the location of good and evil (yin and yang) of the human body, and to understand and interpret dreams from the perspective of human science and pathology.
Huangdi Neijing? Uncle ling? Forty-third, "Evil Dream" said: "Good and evil attack from outside, turn into filth, can not settle down, walk with Wei Rong, fly with the soul, so that people can not lie down and enjoy dreams; If the fu-organ qi is yin, it is more than exterior and less than interior; If the gas is dirty, it is more than inside, but less than outside. When yin is full, you will dream of drowning and fear; When the yang is strong, dreams involve big inflammation and burns; When yin and yang are flourishing, dreams kill each other; When you are prosperous, you dream of flying; When it is prosperous, dreams fall; Dream of giving when you are full; When you are hungry, you dream of taking it; Excessive liver qi leads to anger in dreams; Lung full of fear of dreams; If you are full of energy, you will dream and laugh; A man with a big temper can dream, sing and not lift weights easily; When kidney qi is full, dreams, waist and spine will not return; When you are angry, you will dream of autumn mountain fireworks; If you are in the lungs, you will dream of flying and see the strange view of gold and iron; If you are in the liver, you will dream of trees in the forest; If the guest is in the spleen, he dreams of Ozawa on the hill, and the bad house is stormy; If the guest is in the kidney, he will have a deep dream and not live in water; If you are in the bladder, you will dream of marching; If you are in your stomach, you will eat something in dream of eating; If you are in the large intestine, you dream of fields; If you are in the small intestine, you will dream of gathering in the city; If the guest is afraid, then the dream will go to court; The guest is in the vagina, so the dream is connected; If the guest is at the top, the dream will be beheaded; If the guest is on the shin, he dreams of walking without advancing and lives deep underground; If the guest is at the ankle, dream of worship; If you are in a cell, you will dream. "
It provides important theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of dreaminess and other dreaminess.
But the person who put forward a systematic theoretical explanation for dreaming during sleep should be Freud, the founder of Austrian psychoanalysis. In fact, Freud's study of dreams can be traced back to 1895, when he was engaged in analyzing his dream experience. Freud's masterpiece "The Interpretation of Dreams" was published in 1900, and was praised by later generations as one of the books that changed history. The reason is that Freud has never seen anything in this book. He put forward an epoch-making and shocking unique explanation of human dreaming, which turned an important page of human civilization in the 20th century.
In order to explore the meaning of dreams, we can divide the content of dreams into two levels, one is the surface meaning, which can be called the explicit meaning of dreams, and the other is the deep meaning, which can be called the implicit meaning of dreams. The obvious meaning of a dream refers to the scene and meaning of the dream that the dreamer can recall. Although the obvious meaning of dreams is vivid and bizarre, it does not represent the true meaning of dreams. The implied meaning of a dream refers to the meaning hidden behind the explicit meaning that the dreamer can know through association, and the empirical materials that constitute the explicit meaning are determined by the subconscious desire, that is, by the implied meaning of the dream.
The reason why we must distinguish the explicit meaning from the implicit meaning of dreams is because it helps us to analyze dreams in a deeper level, that is to say, we can further divide the composition of dreams into three parts: ① The implicit meaning of dreams is the origin and root of dreams; (2) The work of dreams is the manufacturing process of dreams; (3) The obvious meaning of dreams is the product of dream works.
As far as the composition of dreams is concerned, in order to reveal the intricate and bizarre spiritual phenomenon of dreams, it is not important to describe the content of dreams, that is, to consider the obvious meaning of dreams, but to explore the deep meaning of dreams from the superficial meaning of dream content and the relationship between dream content and its implied meaning, thus revealing the implied meaning of dreams. Because the materials used to make the explicit meaning of dreams in the work of dreams are nothing more than the implicit meaning of dreams.
So, how to find out the hidden meaning of dreams from the explicit meaning of dreams? In fact, this is the psychological process of tracing the hidden meaning of dreams back to the explicit meaning of dreams, that is, the working process of dreams. The work of dreams has four basic processes:
(a) condensation, that is, the hidden meaning of dreams, that is, the subconscious things are deleted, and the same components in hidden dreams are transformed into one in explicit dreams. The work of dreams contains a lot of concentration. The implied meaning of dreams is usually very rich, while the obvious meaning of dreams is poor and simple. Here is the condensation of dream works. Dreams are the product of ellipsis. The characteristic of condensation is to find out those elements that appear repeatedly in the dream content and form new combinations, such as highlights and mixed images. , and produce some * * * symbols. Therefore, although the explicit meaning of dreams is simpler than the implicit meaning of dreams, it is also a kind of reorganization, which is manifested in grotesque images or ambiguous sentences. The strangeness of dreams and the obscurity of talking in dreams are all the results of dream condensation.
For example, a girl dreamed that she was walking home from work in the company. Alas, there are many lost coal blocks on the ground. She leaned down and picked out one piece after another. Finally, she came to the door and finally woke up. She told the dream to a colleague, who helped her analyze it. It turned out that she fell in love with a handsome young man in the company but was ashamed to confess. No one wants to help her, she is in pain. There is a lot of coal in her dream.
(2) Displacement, that is, the implicit meaning of a dream enters the explicit meaning of the dream in a deformed way, so that the content (explicit meaning) of the dream is no longer related to the implicit meaning of the dream. Replacement is as important to the formation and cohesion of dreams. The working process of the dream expressed by displacement is a fact: the apparent meaning of the dream is inconsistent with the implied meaning of the dream, and the part that plays an important role in the apparent meaning of the dream may not be the main part of the implied meaning of the dream in essence, and vice versa. For example, the most important key in hiding dreams becomes extremely subtle in manifesting dreams, while the most subtle things in hiding dreams become extremely important in manifesting dreams. Therefore, it is difficult to find clues to the implied meaning of dreams from the obvious meaning of dreams. Dreams are always elusive. Of course, dreams are never unpredictable. As long as we know the truth of dream displacement and that dreams only reproduce subconscious desires in the form of modification, dreams will certainly become a shortcut to the subconscious, and it is certainly not difficult to analyze the hidden spiritual power in dreams by using dream displacement.
For example, a lady said to Freud, "You said that the meaning of dreams lies in the realization of wishes, but I had a dream that obviously didn't satisfy my wishes." Then she told the dream: "I'm going to invite my friends to dinner. There is no food at home except smoked fish. I want to go out and buy it, but it happened that the store closed on Sunday afternoon and the phone number of the restaurant ordering food was broken. " On the surface, her wish really didn't come true in this dream! Freud asked her to recall what happened during the day. She talked about unimportant details such as her husband's decision to lose weight, go on a diet, not going to the party, not inviting guests. Finally, she was embarrassed to remember that she had visited a girlfriend. She is jealous of this girlfriend because her husband appreciates her fullness and beauty. This visit found that his girlfriend became thin and ugly because of illness and lost her original charm. Freud asked them what they talked about during the visit. She said, "My friend said that she wanted to gain weight quickly, and asked me when I would invite her to dinner and praised my food for her appetite." At this point, the truth is clear, and not wanting to invite guests to dinner is the real wish that this lady is embarrassed to admit! If you invite your girlfriend to dinner, it will help her restore her plump beauty and stimulate her husband's love. Treating her is not the best thing! Smoked fish is this girlfriend's favorite dish, even if there is, you can't give it to her! It is not difficult to see that the dreamer's jealousy has turned into a dream without a treat, and even she herself has been cheated. Dream is to use this cosmetic method to deceive one's conscience and moral examination, so that the dreamer will not feel embarrassed.
(3) Symbolism, that is, transforming the thoughts in dreams into visual images, which symbolize thoughts. The symbol of dreams is a way to indirectly express the implied meaning of dreams. In dreams, symbols are associated with obvious meaning and hidden meaning, and hidden meaning is expressed by symbolic objects. As a symbol of meaning, it is often ambiguous. Symbols of dreams usually have double meanings. On the one hand, it is a substitute for repressed desires and is associated with subconscious things. On the other hand, it is something whose legal status has changed and entered the field of consciousness. The particularity of dream symbols is an important link between the explicit meaning and the implicit meaning of dreams. Because of the various symbols of dreams, their symbolic meanings are often hidden, which brings great difficulties to the interpretation of dreams. This difficulty mainly lies in: ① the fuzziness of symbols. Each symbol may represent a different meaning. It is difficult for the dream interpreter to know exactly what this symbol means in the dream. The polysemous structure of symbols seems to make the dream interpreter unable to understand the dream accurately. ② Indirectness of symbols. Every symbol expresses its implied meaning in an indirect way, which tends to hide the real connection between obvious meaning and implied meaning; ③ Historicity of symbolic symbols. Every symbol has its historical origin and seems to be a record of the dreamer's past experience, so the analysis of symbols naturally has the nature of speculation and hypothesis; Dreams use symbols to express those desires that need to be satisfied, which is often accidental. Many symbols can express the same wish, and the choice of symbols often depends on the love of the dreamer, which varies from person to person. It can be seen that to translate video into language, we must use comprehensive knowledge. On the one hand, the symbolic analysis of dreams depends on the dreamer's association, on the other hand, it depends on the dream interpreter's understanding of symbols, especially the dream interpreter's understanding of symbols is more important. As long as we master the knowledge of symbols carefully, it is not difficult to dig out all kinds of hidden thoughts and wishes through superficial symbols.
Like in a reflection? Shu Wei? Biography of Ji Fang? Zhou Propaganda once recorded such a typical dream example: "Wendi said to Xuan:' I dreamed of rubbing (grinding) (tattooing) to make it clearer. "What is evil?" Zhou Xuan was disappointed and felt that he had made a mistake, so the emperor asked him again. Xuan said to him, "This is your majesty's family affair. Although it wants to hear it, the queen mother won't listen because Wen (tattoo) wants to destroy it and make it clear. "Zhou Xuan (date of birth and death is unknown) was born in Le 'an (now Boxing, Shandong Province) and was a famous dream interpreter at that time. The so-called dream interpretation is that the warlock tries to test the good or bad of the dreamer and related people or things according to what people see in their dreams, which is also called dream interpretation or dream interpretation by later generations. This method has been quite popular in China since the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Xuan's dream retrieval technique is called "mysterious and extraordinary" by historians and enjoys a high reputation among the people. According to Zhou Xuan, Zhou Xuan's career is to interpret dreams, and he is smart and eloquent all his life. He and the famous fortuneteller Zhu Jianping and Cao Pi (187? 226, the son of cao cao) when dreaming, xelloss has become the emperor. At first, because of the contradiction caused by the establishment of the prince, Cao Pi held a grudge against him. After he proclaimed himself emperor, he told his younger brother Cao Zhi (192? In 232, Cao Pi persecuted Cao Zhi. He first killed two people, Rockett and Ding Gang, who had always supported Cao Zhi. Then he drove Cao Zhi to his fief and put him under close surveillance. He tried to put Cao Zhi to death, but his persecution of Cao Zhi was blocked by the Queen Mother and he was finally "demoted". These situations were well known at that time, and Zhou Xuan was no exception. According to Cao Pi's recollection at that time, when Cao Pi mentioned the dream of grinding money, Zhou Xuan naturally linked it with what he did at that time, and thought it was "your majesty's family affairs", which was a logical process, that is, from video to personnel, and then carefully analyzed the dream of grinding money from "your majesty's family affairs". The specific way is to take "money tattoo" as the symbol of Cao Zhi, "I grind money tattoo" as Cao Pi's wish, and "brighter" means because of the queen mother. After explaining the videos one by one in reverse order, I will tell Cao Pi later: "Although I want to listen, the Queen Mother doesn't listen because the text (pattern) wants to destroy it. "This not only captures Cao Pi's psychological state, but also conforms to the actual situation at that time. Profession and deduction also tightly buckle the video. Such occupation and interpretation is actually a kind of psychological anatomy, and psychological analysis is true, which symbolizes that dreaming is a form. Of course, this is in xelloss's mind.
(4) retouching, that is, dramatizing the implied meaning of dreams into a coherent whole. As the satisfaction of desire, dreams are often a multi-level complex phenomenon. The materials that constitute the implied meaning of dreams are often varied. The reason why the dreamer himself doesn't know the true content and significance of these materials is because it is unconscious and subconscious. Only when these substances are deformed to the point where consciousness is satisfied can they pass the defense line of consciousness test and enter the field of consciousness. Retouching is a way for these materials to be satisfied by checking their consciousness. Because of its existence, dreams are like a mystery. The obvious meaning of a dream is a picture, a conscious thing. It vividly expresses all aspects of the event, and the relationship between them is easy to understand. But the hidden meaning of the dream itself is a mystery, a subconscious thing, and the external picture can hide a true meaning. Knowing the meaning of dream retouching, it is not difficult for us to understand that the desires satisfied by dreams are often multi-level. This multi-level wish is sometimes direct, sometimes indirect, and sometimes in the opposite form. It is likely that the achievement of one wish covers the achievement of another. It takes the last level of analysis to finally figure out what kind of wishes they belong to.