Among them, Yunnan, Xie and pyramid roofs can be divided into single eaves (one roof) and double eaves (two or more eaves), and Xie, hanging and hard can be derived into rolled shed roofs.
The roof of an ancient building is not only functional, but also a symbol of rank. The ranking order is: double-eaved roof > double-eaved pyramid roof > single-eaved Ding Dian > single-eaved pyramid roof > hanging on the top of the mountain > hardtop > Wan Ding.
Besides the above roofs, there are fan roofs, swastika roofs, helmet roofs, hook roofs, cross roofs, dome roofs, round roofs, flat roofs, single-slope roofs, grey-backed roofs and other special forms.
Ding Dian 1:
That is, the roof of Fudian is called Fudian or Siding in Song Dynasty, Fudian or Wuling Hall in Qing Dynasty and Dongjizao in Japanese, which is a roof style of ancient buildings in China, Japan and Korea.
It is the highest among all roof styles in China, higher than the inclined mountain style. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, only the royal family and the Confucius Temple could be used. During the Tang Dynasty and Japan, it was also found in Buddhist temple buildings. However, in the coastal areas of Fujian and the residential areas of Ryukyu, Ding Dian is used for wind protection.
Ding Dian is a "four waters" type with five ridges and four slopes, which consists of five ridges: one straight ridge and four vertical ridges, so it is also called Wuling Hall. Because the roof has four inclined planes, it is also called four roofs.
The roof of the palace is divided into single eaves and double eaves. The so-called double eaves, that is, under the roof, add a short eaves at each corner to form a second eaves. The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City has a double-eaved roof, while Huaying Hall, Hongyi Pavilion and Tijen Pavilion in the Forbidden City have single-eaved roofs.
2. Rest at the top of the mountain:
That is, in the Song Dynasty, it was called Jiujidian, Caodian or Xieding Mountain in Xiamen, and in the Qing Dynasty it was renamed Jiujiding. It is one of the roof styles of ancient buildings in China, second only to Ding Dian in terms of specifications. Xie Dingshan was also introduced to other parts of East Asia, and was called "entering the mother house" in Japan.
Xieding Mountain appeared later than Di Ding Dian, and its style was first seen in Hanque stone carvings. Xieding Mountain can also be seen in the funerary wares of the Han Dynasty and the murals of the Northern Dynasties grottoes. The earliest existing mountain-leaning building is the hall of Nanchan Temple in the Tang Dynasty in Wutai Mountain.
3. Hanging from the top of the mountain:
That is, the hanging mountain roof, which was called "not building both ends" in the Song Dynasty, "hanging mountain" and "lifting mountain" in the Qing Dynasty, was also called "going out of the mountain". It was a roof style of ancient Chinese architecture and also spread to Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam. In Japanese, it was called "cutting off the wife's envoy". In ancient times, the suspended mountain top was lower than the temple top and the bald top, only higher than the hard top. It was only used for folk architecture and was the most common general architectural form in East Asia.
Hanging mountain has one positive ridge and four vertical ridges. It is characterized in that each truss or purlin is not sealed in the mountain walls at both ends like a hard mountain. Instead, it extends directly beyond the gable to support the overhanging roof. In other words, the hanging mountain building not only has front and rear eaves, but also has two eaves with the same size as the front and rear eaves. So its two mountains are suspended, hence the name.
Suspended hilltop is an early double-sided sloping roof style, but it was not used in important buildings before the Tang Dynasty. Compared with hard hilltops, hanging hilltops is beneficial to rain protection, and hard hilltops are beneficial to wind and fire prevention. Therefore, hanging posts are mostly used in southern dwellings, and hard posts are mostly used in the north.
4. Hard peak:
Hard mountain roof is one of the traditional double-slope roofs in China. The gables on both sides of the house are flush with or slightly higher than the roof. The roof is divided into front and back slopes with the middle transverse ridge as the boundary, and the left and right gables are either flush with or higher than the roof.
The high gable is called the sealed volcanic wall, and its main function is to prevent the fire from spreading along the house when it happens. However, from the appearance, it is also quite stylish. Commonly used in traditional residential buildings in China.
5. Pyramid roof
The roofs of buildings meet at the top to form a spire. This kind of building is called padded building, and its roof is called pyramid roof. Pointed roof, known as "Cuoji" and "Dai Li" in Song Dynasty and "Cuoji" in Qing Dynasty, is a kind of roof style of ancient traditional buildings in China, which is called treasure shape by Japanese.
Its characteristic is that the roof is conical, with no positive ridge, and the top is concentrated in one point, namely Baoding, which is often used in pavilions, pavilions, pavilions and towers. In Japan, it is often used in tea rooms.
6. Top
Dome is a kind of roof form of ancient traditional buildings in China. There are four ridges on the top to form a flat roof, which is connected with the dome below. Roof beam structure often uses four columns, and corners or beams are scraped with squares to form quadrangular or octagonal roofs. A flat roof is surrounded by a circle of eaves.
Roofs were widely used in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Many houses in the Yuan Dynasty had roofs, and there were also many roofed buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, the Qin 'an Hall in the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty and the Xiangluan Pavilion in Yingtai in the Qing Dynasty are all top-notch.
It is often used on the top of the Jingting in the Imperial Temple. In ancient times, Jingting was open-air, called Dingding.
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